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  1. As a new anti-diabetic medicine, Liraglutide (LIRA), one of GLP-1 analogues, has been found to have an anti-atherosclerotic effect. Since vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play pivotal roles in the occurren...

    Authors: Lili Shi, Ye Ji, Xiaoyan Jiang, Lihong Zhou, Ying Xu, Yanbo Li, Wei Jiang, Ping Meng and Xiaomin Liu
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:18
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  2. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as ventricular dysfunction initiated by alterations in cardiac energy substrates in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension. In addition to the demonstrated b...

    Authors: Jesús Fuentes-Antrás, Belén Picatoste, Elisa Ramírez, Jesús Egido, José Tuñón and Óscar Lorenzo
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:17
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. Although antiplatelet therapy involving clopidogrel is a standard treatment for preventing cardiovascular events after coronary stent implantation, patients can display differential responses. Here, we assesse...

    Authors: Claudia Schuette, Daniel Steffens, Marco Witkowski, Caroline Stellbaum, Peter Bobbert, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss and Ursula Rauch
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:15
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  4. The aim of this study was to analyse which factors predict the real-world macro-/microvascular event, hospitalisation and death risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, we aimed to investig...

    Authors: Thomas Wilke, Sabrina Mueller, Antje Groth, Andreas Fuchs, Lisa Seitz, Joachim Kienhöfer, Ulf Maywald, Rainer Lundershausen and Martin Wehling
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:14
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  5. Metformin is the first line drug for patients diagnosed with type-2 diabetes; however, the impact of different treatment escalation strategies after metformin failure has thus far not been investigated in a re...

    Authors: Anselm K Gitt, Peter Bramlage, Steffen Schneider and Diethelm Tschöpe
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:13
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  6. Overweight or obesity contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and increases cardiovascular risk. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, significantly reduces glycated ...

    Authors: Lawrence Blonde, Richard Pencek and Leigh MacConell
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:12
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  7. This study evaluated the effect of empagliflozin on postprandial glucose (PPG) and 24-hour glucose variability in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

    Authors: Rimei Nishimura, Yuko Tanaka, Kazuki Koiwai, Kohei Inoue, Thomas Hach, Afshin Salsali, Søren S Lund and Uli C Broedl
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:11
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  8. To evaluate the association of treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide and/or insulin on macrovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

    Authors: Sanjoy K Paul, Kerenaftali Klein, David Maggs and Jennie H Best
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:10
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  10. Visceral fat accumulation is a major etiological factor in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. We described previously visceral fat accumulation and multiple cardiovascular risk fa...

    Authors: Shiro Fukuda, Ayumu Hirata, Hitoshi Nishizawa, Hirofumi Nagao, Susumu Kashine, Takekazu Kimura, Kana Inoue, Yuya Fujishima, Masaya Yamaoka, Junji Kozawa, Tetsuhiro Kitamura, Tetsuyuki Yasuda, Norikazu Maeda, Akihisa Imagawa, Tohru Funahashi and Iichiro Shimomura
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:8
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  11. The cardio ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a new index of the overall stiffness of the artery from the origin of the aorta to the ankle. This index can estimate the risk of atherosclerosis. We aimed to find the...

    Authors: Manuel Ángel Gómez-Marcos, José Ignacio Recio-Rodríguez, María Carmen Patino-Alonso, Cristina Agudo-Conde, Leticia Gómez-Sánchez, Marta Gomez-Sanchez, Emiliano Rodríguez-Sanchez, Jose Angel Maderuelo-Fernandez and Luís García-Ortiz
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:7
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  12. A long-term high-fat/cholesterol (HFC) diet leads to insulin resistance (IR), which is associated with inflammation, atherosclerosis (AS), cardiac sympathovagal imbalance, and cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome p...

    Authors: Pan Yongming, Cai Zhaowei, Ma Yichao, Zhu Keyan, Chen Liang, Chen Fangming, Xu Xiaoping, Ma Quanxin and Chen Minli
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:6
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  13. Oxidative stress is involved in development of diabetes complications. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD, SOD3) is a major extracellular antioxidant enzyme and is highly expressed in arterial walls. A...

    Authors: Kamel Mohammedi, Naïma Bellili-Muñoz, Stefan L Marklund, Fathi Driss, Hervé Le Nagard, Thiago A Patente, Frédéric Fumeron, Ronan Roussel, Samy Hadjadj, Michel Marre and Gilberto Velho
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:845
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  14. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation (AF) are closely associated, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to explore associations between body mass index (BMI) or weight ch...

    Authors: Irene Grundvold, Johan Bodegard, Peter M Nilsson, Bodil Svennblad, Gunnar Johansson, Carl Johan Östgren and Johan Sundström
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:5
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  15. Diabetes increases the risk of heart failure but the underlying mechanisms leading to diabetic cardiomyopathy are poorly understood. Left ventricle diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is one of the earliest cardiac c...

    Authors: Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho, Ricardo Ladeiras-Lopes, Paulo Bettencourt, Adelino Leite-Moreira and Ana Azevedo
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:4
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  16. Hypoadiponectinemia is a well-known state associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). Recently aldosterone has been highly associated with high blood pressure, and may thus be a poss...

    Authors: Jui-Kun Chiang, Chi-Ling Chen, Feng-Yu Tseng, Yu-Chiao Chi, Kuo-Chin Huang and Wei-Shiung Yang
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:3
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  17. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) consist of heterogenous group of macroprotein derivatives, which are formed by non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars and amino groups of proteins, lipids and nuc...

    Authors: Sho-ichi Yamagishi, Kei Fukami and Takanori Matsui
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:2
    Content type: Review Published on:

  18. We have previously shown that serum levels of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products (Gly-AGEs) are elevated under oxidative stress and/or diabetic conditions and associated with insulin resist...

    Authors: Takanori Matsui, Eriko Oda, Yuichiro Higashimoto and Sho-ichi Yamagishi
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:1
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  19. Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial early phenomenon in vascular diseases linked to diabetes mellitus and associated to enhanced oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence about the role for pro-inflammat...

    Authors: Susana Vallejo, Erika Palacios, Tania Romacho, Laura Villalobos, Concepción Peiró and Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:158
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  20. Vascular calcified plaque, a measure of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), is unlikely to be limited to a single vascular bed in patients with multiple risk factors. Consideration of vascular calcified ...

    Authors: Amanda J Cox, Fang-Chi Hsu, Subhashish Agarwal, Barry I Freedman, David M Herrington, J Jeffrey Carr and Donald W Bowden
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:160
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  21. Increasing numbers of type 2 diabetic and obese patients with enhanced rates of cardiovascular complications require surgical interventions, however they have a higher incidence of perioperative haemodynamic c...

    Authors: Carol T Bussey, Anne E de Leeuw and Regis R Lamberts
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:161
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  23. Elevated plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels have been observed in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes, and have been reported to predict adverse cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic...

    Authors: Chiao-Po Hsu, Pai-Feng Hsu, Ming-Yi Chung, Shing-Jong Lin and Tse-Min Lu
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:156
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  24. It remains to be elucidated whether dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor can ameliorate cardiovascular injury in salt-sensitive hypertension. The present study was undertaken to test our hypothesis that lin...

    Authors: Nobutaka Koibuchi, Yu Hasegawa, Tetsuji Katayama, Kensuke Toyama, Ken Uekawa, Daisuke Sueta, Hiroaki Kusaka, MingJie Ma, Takashi Nakagawa, Bowen Lin and Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:157
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  25. Liver X receptor (LXR) plays a critical regulatory role in metabolism and inflammation, and has been demonstrated to be involved in cardiovascular physiology/pathology. In the present study, we investigated th...

    Authors: Qing He, Jun Pu, Ancai Yuan, Tianbao Yao, Xiaoying Ying, Yichao Zhao, Longwei Xu, Huan Tong and Ben He
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:149
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  26. Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are regulators of Wnt-signalling. SFRP4 has been shown to regulate insulin exocytosis and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Authors: Michael M Hoffmann, Christian Werner, Michael Böhm, Ulrich Laufs and Karl Winkler
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:155
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  27. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based therapy, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, has emerged as one of the most popular anti-diabetic therapies. Further...

    Authors: Yuichi Terawaki, Takashi Nomiyama, Takako Kawanami, Yuriko Hamaguchi, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Tomoko Tanaka, Kunitaka Murase, Ryoko Nagaishi, Makito Tanabe and Toshihiko Yanase
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:154
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  28. Arterial calcification is an important pathological change of diabetic vascular complication. Osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important cytopathologic role in arte...

    Authors: Jun-Kun Zhan, Pan Tan, Yan-Jiao Wang, Yi Wang, Jie-Yu He, Zhi-Yong Tang, Wu Huang and You-Shuo Liu
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:153
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  29. In type 2 diabetes, acute hyperglycemia worsens endothelial function and inflammation,while resistance to GLP-1 action occurs. All these phenomena seem to be related to the generation of oxidative stress. A Me...

    Authors: Antonio Ceriello, Katherine Esposito, Lucia La Sala, Gemma Pujadas, Valeria De Nigris, Roberto Testa, Loredana Bucciarelli, Maurizio Rondinelli and Stefano Genovese
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:140
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  30. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults worldwide is rapidly increasing, and in patients with diabetes the major cause of death is macrovascular disease. Endothelial cells play an important role i...

    Authors: Linnéa Eriksson and Thomas Nyström
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:152
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  31. Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis through undefined molecular mechanisms. Hyperglycemia induces formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Anti-AGE-LDL autoant...

    Authors: Lin Zhu, Zhiqing He, Feng Wu, Ru Ding, Qixia Jiang, Jiayou Zhang, Min Fan, Xing Wang, Bengtsson Eva, Nilsson Jan, Chun Liang and Zonggui Wu
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:151
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  32. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, which have been used as insulin sensitizers in diabetic patients, may improve functions of endothelial cells (ECs). We investigated the effect of ...

    Authors: Jerzy Kotlinowski, Anna Grochot-Przeczek, Hevidar Taha, Magdalena Kozakowska, Bartosz Pilecki, Klaudia Skrzypek, Aleksandra Bartelik, Rafal Derlacz, Anton J G Horrevoets, Attila Pap, Laszlo Nagy, Jozef Dulak and Alicja Jozkowicz
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:150
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Cardiovascular Diabetology 2015 14:65

  33. Pre-diabetes and untreated diabetes are common in patients with peripheral artery disease however their impact on outcome has not been evaluated. We examined the association of impaired fasting glucose, diabet...

    Authors: Jonathan Golledge, Frank Quigley, Ramesh Velu, Phillip J Walker and Joseph V Moxon
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:147
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  34. Recent evidence demonstrated that the circulating adipokines were associated with the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). As a...

    Authors: Qingwei Ji, Yingzhong Lin, Zhishan Liang, Kunwu Yu, Yuyang Liu, Zhe Fang, Ling Liu, Ying Shi, Qiutang Zeng, Chao Chang, Meng Chai and Yujie Zhou
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:145
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  35. Evidence has demonstrated that central fat distribution produces the most profound metabolic abnormalities and is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to inves...

    Authors: Chenxi Ren, Jie Zhang, Yu Xu, Baihui Xu, Wanwan Sun, Jichao Sun, Tiange Wang, Min Xu, Jieli Lu, Weiqing Wang, Yufang Bi and Yuhong Chen
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:139
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  36. There has been uncertainty regarding the benefit of glycemic control with antidiabetic agents in prevention of diabetic macrovascular disease. Further development of novel antidiabetic agents is essential for ...

    Authors: Bowen Lin, Nobutaka Koibuchi, Yu Hasegawa, Daisuke Sueta, Kensuke Toyama, Ken Uekawa, MingJie Ma, Takashi Nakagawa, Hiroaki Kusaka and Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:148
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  37. Central hemodynamics help to maintain appropriate cerebral and other end-organ perfusion, and may be altered with ageing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to determine the associations between cent...

    Authors: Rachel ED Climie, Velandai Srikanth, Richard Beare, Laura J Keith, James Fell, Justin E Davies and James E Sharman
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:143
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  39. The present study investigated the impact of overall obesity defined by BMI and abdominal obesity defined by WC on vascular atherosclerotic changes in obese and normal weight diabetic subjects.

    Authors: Alla Lukich, Dov Gavish and Marina Shargorodsky
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:141
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  40. To directly compare traditional lipid ratios (total cholesterol [TC]/high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], non-HDL-C/HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]/HDL-C, and triglycerides [TG]/HDL...

    Authors: Tingting Du, Gang Yuan, Muxun Zhang, Xinrong Zhou, Xingxing Sun and Xuefeng Yu
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:146
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  41. To estimate cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in relation to obesity and gender.

    Authors: Xin Song, Adam G Tabák, Björn Zethelius, John S Yudkin, Stefan Söderberg, Tiina Laatikainen, Coen DA Stehouwer, Rachel Dankner, Pekka Jousilahti, Altan Onat, Peter M Nilsson, Ilhan Satman, Olga Vaccaro, Jaakko Tuomilehto and Qing Qiao
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:144
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  42. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are bone marrow-derived cells which can undergo differentiation into endothelial cells and participate in endothelial repair and angiogenesis. Insulin facilitates this in vit...

    Authors: Dimitrios Oikonomou, Stefan Kopf, Rüdiger von Bauer, Zdenka Djuric, Rita Cebola, Anja Sander, Stefan Englert, Spiros Vittas, Asa Hidmark, Michael Morcos, Grigorios Korosoglou, Peter P Nawroth and Per M Humpert
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:137
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  43. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). American Diabetes Association standards of care set a series of targets recommended for the CVD prevention: blood ...

    Authors: Maria-Agata Miselli, Edoardo Dalla Nora, Angelina Passaro, Franco Tomasi and Giovanni Zuliani
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:135
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  44. Previous research has demonstrated that hyperglycemia may protect the heart against ischemic injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between hyperglycemia and myocardial infarct...

    Authors: Christiane Malfitano, Catarina Andrade Barboza, Cristiano Mostarda, Renata Kelly da Palma, Camila Paixão dos Santos, Bruno Rodrigues, Sarah Cristina Ferreira Freitas, Adriane Belló-Klein, Susana Llesuy, Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen and Kátia De Angelis
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:131
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  45. History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) identifies a very young population of females predisposed for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction might represent a shared precurs...

    Authors: Christian S Göbl, Latife Bozkurt, Rajashri Yarragudi, Thomas Prikoszovich, Andrea Tura, Giovanni Pacini, Renate Koppensteiner and Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:138
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  46. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a newly-derived measure of visceral adiposity with well-validated predictive power for cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in the general population. However, this predictability...

    Authors: Hung-Yuan Chen, Yen-Ling Chiu, Yi-Fang Chuang, Shih-Ping Hsu, Mei-Fen Pai, Ju-Yeh Yang and Yu-Sen Peng
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:136
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  47. Excessive levels of methylglyoxal (MG) encountered in diabetes foster enhanced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, mechanisms of which are incompletely understood. MG genomically upregulates endothelial s...

    Authors: Syed M Qadri, Yang Su, Francisco S Cayabyab and Lixin Liu
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:134
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  48. Metformin, a standard therapy in type 2 diabetes, reduces vitamin B12 levels. Studies linking low vitamin B12 levels and cardiovascular disease are equivocal and suggest improving B12 levels may help in primar...

    Authors: Antonysunil Adaikalakoteswari, Ramamurthy Jayashri, Nithya Sukumar, Hema Venkataraman, Rajendra Pradeepa, Kuppan Gokulakrishnan, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Philip G McTernan, Gyanendra Tripathi, Vinod Patel, Sudhesh Kumar, Viswanathan Mohan and Ponnusamy Saravanan
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:129
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:

  50. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, whose rate is increased in type 2 diabetes, is poorly understood.

    Authors: Claudia Menzaghi, Min Xu, Lucia Salvemini, Concetta De Bonis, Giuseppe Palladino, Tao Huang, Massimiliano Copetti, Yan Zheng, Yanping Li, Grazia Fini, Frank B Hu, Simonetta Bacci, Lu Qi and Vincenzo Trischitta
    Citation: Cardiovascular Diabetology 2014 13:130
    Content type: Original investigation Published on:
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