Articles

Visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose variability is an important risk factor for long-term changes in left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes

To investigate the effect of visit-to-visit fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability on the left cardiac structure and function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Authors: Xixiang Tang, Junlin Zhong, Hui Zhang, Yanting Luo, Xing Liu, Long Peng, Yanling Zhang, Xiaoxian Qian, Boxiong Jiang, Jinlai Liu, Suhua Li and Yanming Chen

Predictors of neutrophil extracellular traps markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: associations with a prothrombotic state and hypofibrinolysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a hypercoagulable state and increased neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETosis). We investigated predictors of NETosis and cell death markers in circ...

Authors: Agata H. Bryk, Shannon M. Prior, Krzysztof Plens, Malgorzata Konieczynska, Jerzy Hohendorff, Maciej T. Malecki, Saulius Butenas and Anetta Undas

Serum triglycerides as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

The importance of triglycerides (TG) level as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been extensively investigated in the general population; however, their relationship in patients with type 2 di...

Authors: Xiaofeng Ye, Wen Kong, Mohammad Ishraq Zafar and Lu-Lu Chen

Comparative outcomes of heart failure among existent classes of anti-diabetic agents: a network meta-analysis of 171,253 participants from 91 randomized controlled trials

The cardiovascular (CV) safety in terms of heart failure among different classes of treatment remains largely unknown. We sought to assess the comparative effect of these agents on heart failure outcomes.

Authors: Da-ya Yang, Xin He, Hui-wei Liang, Shao-zhao Zhang, Xiang-bin Zhong, Chu-fan Luo, Zhi-min Du, Jian-gui He, Xiao-dong Zhuang and Xin-xue Liao

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on body composition, fluid status and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using bioimpedance spectroscopy

SGLT2-inhibitors are potent antihyperglycemic drugs for patients with type 2 diabetes and have been shown to reduce body weight. However, it is unclear which body compartments are reduced and to what extent.

Authors: Anja Schork, Janine Saynisch, Andreas Vosseler, Benjamin Assad Jaghutriz, Nils Heyne, Andreas Peter, Hans-Ulrich Häring, Norbert Stefan, Andreas Fritsche and Ferruh Artunc

The sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin attenuates cardiac fibrosis and improves ventricular hemodynamics in hypertensive heart failure rats

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), a new class of anti-diabetic drugs acting on inhibiting glucose resorption by kidneys, is shown beneficial in reduction of heart failure hospitalization and ...

Authors: Hsiang-Chun Lee, Yi-Lin Shiou, Shih-Jie Jhuo, Chia-Yuan Chang, Po-Len Liu, Wun-Jyun Jhuang, Zen-Kong Dai, Wei-Yu Chen, Yun-Fang Chen and An-Sheng Lee

How does empagliflozin improve arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Sub analysis of a clinical trial

Empagliflozin has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality, but the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are poorly understood. It was previously demonstrated that empagliflozin improved arterial stiffness.

Authors: Agnes Bosch, Christian Ott, Susanne Jung, Kristina Striepe, Marina V. Karg, Dennis Kannenkeril, Thomas Dienemann and Roland E. Schmieder

Proteomic alterations of HDL in youth with type 1 diabetes and their associations with glycemic control: a case–control study

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) typically have normal or even elevated plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations; however, HDL protein composition can be altered without a change in...

Authors: Evgenia Gourgari, Junfeng Ma, Martin P. Playford, Nehal N. Mehta, Radoslav Goldman, Alan T. Remaley and Scott M. Gordon

Cardiovascular events, diabetes and guidelines: the virtue of simplicity

Cardiovascular (CV) events or their minor syndromes, as various forms of ischemia, are medical emergencies that do not allow enough time for a guiding anamnesis or proper clinical examination, and lead to rely...

Authors: Ricardo J. Esper and Roberto A. Nordaby

Comparison of outcomes after carotid endarterectomy between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with significant carotid stenosis

We aimed to compare early and late outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) between Korean type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to investigate the impact of diabetes on the overall incidence of car...

Authors: Min-Jae Jeong, Hyunwook Kwon, Chang Hee Jung, Sun U. Kwon, Min-Ju Kim, Youngjin Han, Tae-Won Kwon and Yong-Pil Cho

The combination of a neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) and angiotensin-II receptor blocker (valsartan) attenuates glomerular and tubular injury in the Zucker Obese rat

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, proteinuria and remodeling. Here we examined whether the combination of an inhibitor of neprilysin (sacubitril), a natriu...

Authors: Javad Habibi, Annayya R. Aroor, Nitin A. Das, Camila M. Manrique-Acevedo, Megan S. Johnson, Melvin R. Hayden, Ravi Nistala, Charles Wiedmeyer, Bysani Chandrasekar and Vincent G. DeMarco

Pioglitazone strengthen therapeutic effect of adipose-derived regenerative cells against ischemic cardiomyopathy through enhanced expression of adiponectin and modulation of macrophage phenotype

The efficacy of cell transplantation in heart failure is reportedly modest, but adjuvant drugs combined with cell therapy may improve this efficacy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, one of t...

Authors: Daisuke Mori, Shigeru Miyagawa, Ryohei Matsuura, Nagako Sougawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Takayoshi Ueno, Koichi Toda, Toru Kuratani, Koichi Tomita, Norikazu Maeda, Iichiro Shimomura and Yoshiki Sawa

Efficacy and safety of pemafibrate administration in patients with dyslipidemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Using a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), this study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of pemafibrate, a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, i...

Authors: Satoshi Ida, Ryutaro Kaneko and Kazuya Murata

Left ventricular concentric geometry predicts incident diabetes mellitus independent of established risk factors in the general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study

Subtle impairments in left ventricular (LV) function and geometry are common findings in individuals with diabetes. However, whether these impairments precede the development of diabetes mellitus (DM) is not e...

Authors: Daniel Modin, Rasmus Møgelvang, Peter Godsk Jørgensen, Magnus Thorsten Jensen, Jelena P. Seferovic and Tor Biering-Sørensen

Weight change and mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with new-onset diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study

Because weight control is a cornerstone of diabetes management, it is important to understand the relationship of weight change to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with type 2 diabetes melli...

Authors: Mee Kyoung Kim, Kyungdo Han, Eun Sil Koh, Eun Sook Kim, Min-Kyung Lee, Ga Eun Nam and Hyuk-Sang Kwon

Altered bioavailability of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids is associated with conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients

This pathophysiological study addressed the hypothesis that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which metabolizes the vasodilator and anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic ...

Authors: Thomas Duflot, Lucile Moreau-Grangé, Clothilde Roche, Michèle Iacob, Julien Wils, Isabelle Rémy-Jouet, Anne-Françoise Cailleux, Matthieu Leuillier, Sylvanie Renet, Dongyang Li, Christophe Morisseau, Fabien Lamoureux, Vincent Richard, Gaëtan Prévost, Robinson Joannidès and Jérémy Bellien

Effects of combined training with different intensities on vascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 1-year randomized controlled trial

Exercise, when performed on a regular basis, is a well-accepted strategy to improve vascular function in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the exercise intensity that yields maximal adaptations on struct...

Authors: João P. Magalhães, Xavier Melo, Inês R. Correia, Rogério T. Ribeiro, João Raposo, Hélder Dores, Manuel Bicho and Luís B. Sardinha

Patient and disease characteristics of type-2 diabetes patients with or without chronic kidney disease: an analysis of the German DPV and DIVE databases

To evaluate the characteristics of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients with or without chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Germany.

Authors: Peter Bramlage, Stefanie Lanzinger, Gesine van Mark, Eva Hess, Simon Fahrner, Christoph H. J. Heyer, Mathias Friebe, Jochen Seufert, Thomas Danne and Reinhard W. Holl

Retraction Note: Effect of rosuvastatin on fasting and postprandial endothelial biomarker levels and microvascular reactivity in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: a preliminary report

The authors have retracted this article [1] because they have identified serious errors in their data analysis which change the conclusions of their study. All authors agree with this retraction.

Authors: Kyoung Min Kim, Kyong Yeun Jung, Han Mi Yun, Seo Young Lee, Tae Jung Oh, Hak Chul Jang and Soo Lim

Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases long-term mortality risk after isolated surgical aortic valve replacement

Diabetes mellitus (DM) adversely affects morbidity and mortality for major atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases and is associated with increased risk for the development of aortic stenosis. Clinical...

Authors: Eilon Ram, Alexander Kogan, Shany Levin, Enrique Z. Fisman, Alexander Tenenbaum, Ehud Raanani and Leonid Sternik

Report from the 4th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit of the Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group

The 4th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit of the Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group was held in Munich on 25–26 October 2018. As in previous years, this summit served as a refe...

Authors: Oliver Schnell, Eberhard Standl, Doina Catrinoiu, Baruch Itzhak, Nebojsa Lalic, Dario Rahelic, Jan Skrha, Paul Valensi and Antonio Ceriello

Clinical factors associated with the recovery of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. Although several risk factors for CAN progression have been established, whether CAN is reversible re...

Authors: Ji Eun Jun, Seung-Eun Lee, Min Sun Choi, Sung Woon Park, You-Cheol Hwang and Jae Hyeon Kim

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor compared with sulfonylurea in combination with metformin: cardiovascular and renal outcomes in a propensity-matched cohort study

To determine the impact of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) on the risk of major cardiocerebrovascular and renal outcomes compared with sulfonylurea (SU) combined with metformin in patients with type 2...

Authors: Kyoung Jin Kim, Jimi Choi, Juneyoung Lee, Jae Hyun Bae, Jee Hyun An, Hee Young Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji A. Seo, Nan Hee Kim, Kyung Mook Choi, Sei Hyun Baik, Sin Gon Kim and Nam Hoon Kim

Impact of post-procedural glycemic variability on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a post hoc cohort analysis

Glycemic variability is associated with worse outcomes after cardiac surgery, but the prognosis value of early glycemic variability after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is not known. This study was th...

Authors: Guillaume Besch, Sebastien Pili-Floury, Caroline Morel, Martine Gilard, Guillaume Flicoteaux, Lucie Salomon du Mont, Andrea Perrotti, Nicolas Meneveau, Sidney Chocron, Francois Schiele, Herve Le Breton, Emmanuel Samain and Romain Chopard

Asymptomatic coronary artery disease in a Norwegian cohort with type 2 diabetes: a prospective angiographic study with intravascular ultrasound evaluation

The prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. We investigated the extent and prevalence of asymptomatic CAD in T2D patients by utilizing invasive coronary an...

Authors: Satish Arora, Anne Pernille Ofstad, Geir R. Ulimoen, Kåre I. Birkeland, Knut Endresen, Lars Gullestad and Odd Erik Johansen

Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffolds for treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus: the midterm follow-up of the prospective ABSORB DM Benelux study

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) remains challenging even with modern drug-eluting stents (DES) due to high rates of repeat revascularization. Everolimus-eluting...

Authors: T. M. Hommels, R. S. Hermanides, S. Rasoul, B. Berta, A. J. J. IJsselmuiden, G. A. J. Jessurun, E. Benit, B. Pereira, G. De Luca and E. Kedhi

Adiponectin and insulin resistance are related to restenosis and overall new PCI in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: the prospective AIRE Study

In patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) some causes of ischemic heart disease (IHD) were not completely investigated. The role both of metabolic milieu and adipokines in IHD progression was not fully inve...

Authors: Ferdinando Carlo Sasso, Pia Clara Pafundi, Raffaele Marfella, Paolo Calabrò, Federico Piscione, Fulvio Furbatto, Giovanni Esposito, Raffaele Galiero, Felice Gragnano, Luca Rinaldi, Teresa Salvatore, Michele D’Amico, Luigi Elio Adinolfi and Celestino Sardu

Correction to: GLP-1RAs in type 2 diabetes: mechanisms that underlie cardiovascular effects and overview of cardiovascular outcome data

Following publication of the original article [1], based on the authors review, the GLP1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes published in Cardiovascular Diabetology, a meta-analysis of GLP-1 and non-GLP-1 bas...

Authors: Andrei C. Sposito, Otávio Berwanger, Luiz Sérgio F. de Carvalho and José Francisco Kerr Saraiva

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is associated with poor glycemic control amongst female diabetics with chest pain and non-obstructive coronary artery disease

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared to those without diabetes. The timing, relative to disease onset, and degree of glycemic control that r...

Authors: Jaskanwal D. Sara, Riad Taher, Nikhil Kolluri, Adrian Vella, Lilach O. Lerman and Amir Lerman

Potential relation between soluble growth differentiation factor-15 and testosterone deficiency in male patients with coronary artery disease

There is a mutual interaction between inflammation and endocrine disorders in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is associated with CAD, and the effects...

Authors: Huan Liu, Yongnan Lyu, Di Li, Yan Cui, Yun Huang, Wen Dai and Yan Li

Sotagliflozin, the first dual SGLT inhibitor: current outlook and perspectives

Sotagliflozin is a dual sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 and 1 (SGLT2/1) inhibitor for the treatment of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sotagliflozin inhibits renal sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 ...

Authors: Chiara Maria Assunta Cefalo, Francesca Cinti, Simona Moffa, Flavia Impronta, Gian Pio Sorice, Teresa Mezza, Alfredo Pontecorvi and Andrea Giaccari

Evidence-based and tailored medication in type 2 diabetes: a pathway learned from clinical trials

In Japan, the choice of anti-diabetic medication is officially recommended according to the patient’s glycemic condition and disease phenotype, unlike most other regions where metformin is recommended as the f...

Authors: Atsushi Tanaka and Koichi Node

Circulating microRNA-21 is an early predictor of ROS-mediated damage in subjects with high risk of developing diabetes and in drug-naïve T2D

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a risk factor for the development of diabetes and related complications that ensue. Early identification of at-risk individuals might be beneficial to reduce or delay the pr...

Authors: Lucia La Sala, Simona Mrakic-Sposta, Elena Tagliabue, Francesco Prattichizzo, Stefano Micheloni, Elena Sangalli, Claudia Specchia, Anna Chiara Uccellatore, Silvia Lupini, Gaia Spinetti, Paola de Candia and Antonio Ceriello

sRAGE and early signs of cardiac target organ damage in mild hypertensives

Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGE) may be considered a marker inversely related to inflammation and its participation has been established in patients with advanced atherosclerotic va...

Authors: Andrea Maria Maresca, Luigina Guasti, Sara Bozzini, Christian Mongiardi, Nicolò Tandurella, Rossana Corso, Francesco G. Zerba, Alessandro Squizzato, Leonardo Campiotti, Francesco Dentali, Catherine Klersy, Anna M. Grandi and Colomba Falcone

SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin improves coronary microvascular function and cardiac contractility in prediabetic ob/ob^−/− mice

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) is the first class of anti-diabetes treatment that reduces mortality and risk for hospitalization due to heart failure. In clinical studies it has been shown ...

Authors: Damilola D. Adingupu, Sven O. Göpel, Julia Grönros, Margareta Behrendt, Matus Sotak, Tasso Miliotis, Ulrika Dahlqvist, Li-Ming Gan and Ann-Cathrine Jönsson-Rylander

SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart

Hyperglycaemia associated with myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis is the main cause of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has recently been reporte...

Authors: Chenguang Li, Jie Zhang, Mei Xue, Xiaoyu Li, Fei Han, Xiangyang Liu, Linxin Xu, Yunhong Lu, Ying Cheng, Ting Li, Xiaochen Yu, Bei Sun and Liming Chen

Comparative effects of lipid lowering, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive and antiplatelet medications on carotid artery intima-media thickness progression: a network meta-analysis

Carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression is a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis with a high predictive value for future CVD risk. This study evaluates the comparative efficacies of lipid lowe...

Authors: Rongzhong Huang, Kerry Mills, Julio Romero, Yan Li, Zicheng Hu, Yu Cao, Hua Huang, Yu Xu and Lihong Jiang

Early dysregulation of cardiac-specific microRNA-208a is linked to maladaptive cardiac remodelling in diabetic myocardium

The diabetic heart undergoes remodelling contributing to an increased incidence of heart failure in individuals with diabetes at a later stage. The molecular regulators that drive this process in the diabetic ...

Authors: Shruti Rawal, Prashanth Thevakar Nagesh, Sean Coffey, Isabelle Van Hout, Ivor F. Galvin, Richard W. Bunton, Philip Davis, Michael J. A. Williams and Rajesh Katare

Concerns about clinical efficacy and safety of warfarin in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias in elderly people. The risk of thromboembolic stroke is increased in AF patients, especially those with diabetes. Anticoagulant therapy, such as w...

Authors: Sho-ichi Yamagishi

Remnant lipoproteins play an important role of in-stent restenosis in type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a single-centre observational cohort study

Increasing evidence has suggested that the presence of remnant lipoproteins is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis. Remnant lipoproteins are lipoproteins that are rich in triglycerides (TGs), and the...

Authors: Zheng Qin, Kuo Zhou, Yue-ping Li, Jian-long Wang, Wan-jun Cheng, Cheng-ping Hu, Chao Shi, Hua He and Yu-jie Zhou

PDM-ProValue meets cardiovascular outcome trials in diabetes

Novel studies have increased our knowledge regarding optimal treatment options in diabetes. Key studies that have broadened our knowledge about optimal treatment options in diabetes in recent years are cardiov...

Authors: Katharina Fritzen and Oliver Schnell

Developmental trajectories of body mass index from childhood into late adolescence and subsequent late adolescence–young adulthood cardiometabolic risk markers

Reports on body mass index (BMI) trajectories from childhood into late adolescence, their determinants, and subsequent cardiometabolic risk markers, particularly among European populations have been few. Moreo...

Authors: Kolade Oluwagbemigun, Anette E. Buyken, Ute Alexy, Matthias Schmid, Christian Herder and Ute Nöthlings

Association between serum haptoglobin and carotid arterial functions: usefulness of a targeted metabolomics approach

Serum haptoglobin (Hp) has been closely associated with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. We investigated a metabolic profile associated with circulating Hp and carotid arterial functions via a targeted metabol...

Authors: Shiyun Wang, Jie Wang, Rong Zhang, Aihua Zhao, Xiaojiao Zheng, Dandan Yan, Feng Jiang, Wei Jia, Cheng Hu and Weiping Jia

MiR-30c/PGC-1β protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy via PPARα

Metabolic abnormalities have been implicated as a causal event in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolic disorder in DCM were not fully understood.

Authors: Zhongwei Yin, Yanru Zhao, Mengying He, Huaping Li, Jiahui Fan, Xiang Nie, Mengwen Yan, Chen Chen and Dao Wen Wang

Reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction with sodium–glucose linked cotransporter-2 inhibitors: evident and plausible

Authors: Richard E. Gilbert and Kim A. Connelly

Sortilin levels are associated with peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetic subjects

Sortilin is a 95-kDa protein which has recently been linked to circulating cholesterol concentration and lifetime risk of developing significant atherosclerotic disease. Sortilin is found inside different cell...

Authors: Federico Biscetti, Nicola Bonadia, Francesco Santini, Flavia Angelini, Elisabetta Nardella, Dario Pitocco, Angelo Santoliquido, Marco Filipponi, Raffaele Landolfi and Andrea Flex

Improved outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control in the cardiac intensive care unit: a retrospective study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. A primary burden of DM is related to its long-term complications, which have been shown to impact the course of h...

Authors: Kassem Sharif, Suheil Ghadir, Daniela Jakubowicz, Howard Amital, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Abdulla Watad, Julio Wainstein and Yosefa Bar-Dayan

Epicardial fat tissue in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is the visceral fat distributed along the coronary arteries between the pericardium and the myocardium. Increases in EFT are closely related to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (...

Authors: Yingrui Li, Bin Liu, Yu Li, Xiaodong Jing, Songbai Deng, Yulin Yan and Qiang She

Prognostic impact of carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaques on the development of micro- and macrovascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro type 2 diabetes cohort study

The prognostic importance of carotid atherosclerosis in individuals with diabetes is unsettled. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between parameters of carotid atherosclerosis and the future occurrence of...

Authors: Claudia R. L. Cardoso, Guilherme C. Salles, Nathalie C. Leite and Gil F. Salles

Targeting the glucagon receptor improves cardiac function and enhances insulin sensitivity following a myocardial infarction

In heart failure the myocardium becomes insulin resistant which negatively influences cardiac energy metabolism and function, while increasing cardiac insulin signalling improves cardiac function and prevents ...

Authors: Qutuba G. Karwi, Liyan Zhang, Cory S. Wagg, Wang Wang, Manoj Ghandi, Dung Thai, Hai Yan, John R. Ussher, Gavin Y. Oudit and Gary D. Lopaschuk