Skip to main content

Table 3 1-year changes of apolipoproteins, small molecule metabolites, and markers of diabetes risk by tertiles of 1-year changes of energy-adjusted nuts consumption in a subcohort from PREDIMED-Reus trial

From: Nut consumption is associated with a shift of the NMR lipoprotein subfraction profile to a less atherogenic pattern among older individuals at high CVD risk

Variables

Tertile 1

(n = 65)

Tertile 3

(n = 65)

ANCOVA

P-value

Tertile 1

(n = 65)

Tertile 3

(n = 65)

ANCOVA

P-value

Tertile 1

(n = 65)

Tertile 3

(n = 65)

ANCOVA

P-value

 

Total nuts

Walnuts

Non-walnut nuts

Food, g/d

− 21.90 (− 24.01, − 19.79)

26.41 (23.88, 28.94)

 

− 11.85 (− 12.96, − 10.74)

14.21 (12.93, 15.49)

 

− 12.37 (− 14.00, − 10.74)

14.73 (13.45, 16.01)

 

Apolipoprotein concentrations

 Apo B

− 0.02 (− 0.19, 0.15)

− 0.01 (− 0.19, 0.17)

0.913

− 0.02 (− 0.19, 0.15)

0.02 (− 0.16, 0.20)

0.948

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

− 0.10 (− 0.28, 0.08)

0.514

 Apo A-1

− 0.04 (− 0.17, 0.09)

0.03 (− 0.11, 0.17)

0.531

− 0.07 (− 0.20, 0.06)

0.01 (− 0.13, 0.15)

0.473

− 0.09 (− 0.22, 0.04)

− 0.03 (− 0.17, 0.11)

0.577

Amino acid concentrations

 BCAA

0.03 (− 0.12, 0.18)

0.13 (− 0.03, 0.29)

0.452

− 0.01 (− 0.17, 0.15)

0.10 (− 0.06, 0.26)

0.562

0.07 (− 0.08, 0.22)

0.02 (− 0.14, 0.18)

0.708

 Valine

0.04 (− 0.13, 0.21)

0.03 (− 0.15, 0.21)

0.946

0.03 (− 0.14, 0.20)

0.05 (− 0.13, 0.23)

0.902

0.04 (− 0.13, 0.21)

− 0.01 (− 0.20, 0.18)

0.743

 Leucine

0.00 (− 0.18, 0.18)

0.22 (0.05, 0.39)

0.106

− 0.03 (− 0.22, 0.16)

0.15 (− 0.02, 0.32)

0.269

0.08 (− 0.09, 0.25)

0.03 (− 0.15, 0.21)

0.741

 Isoleucine

0.07 (− 0.11, 0.25)

0.09 (− 0.15, 0.33)

0.870

− 0.07 (− 0.24, 0.10)

0.11 (− 0.12, 0.34)

0.485

0.11 (− 0.07, 0.29)

0.09 (− 0.13, 0.31)

0.877

 Alanine

0.04 (− 0.16, 0.24)

0.09 (− 0.09, 0.27)

0.751

0.04 (− 0.16, 0.24)

0.00 (− 0.19, 0.19)

0.888

0.06 (− 0.15, 0.27)

0.04 (− 0.14, 0.22)

0.883

 Glycine

0.09 (− 0.03, 0.21)

− 0.04 (− 0.18, 0.10)

0.213

0.15 (0.02, 0.28)

− 0.09 (− 0.24, 0.06)a

0.066

0.08 (− 0.04, 0.20)

0.01 (− 0.15, 0.17)

0.506

Small molecule metabolites

 Glucose

− 0.07 (− 0.24, 0.10)

0.06 (− 0.11, 0.23)

0.311

− 0.06 (− 0.23, 0.11)

− 0.02 (− 0.20, 0.16)

0.563

− 0.09 (− 0.27, 0.09)

0.06 (− 0.11, 0.23)

0.253

 Citrate

0.04 (− 0.20, 0.28)

0.00 (− 0.21, 0.21)

0.813

− 0.07 (− 0.30, 0.16)

0.06 (− 0.16, 0.28)

0.713

0.01 (− 0.24, 0.26)

0.06 (− 0.15, 0.27)

0.729

Ketone body concentrations

 Total KB

0.01 (− 0.28, 0.30)

− 0.13 (− 0.34, 0.08)

0.429

− 0.09 (− 0.38, 0.20)

0.01 (− 0.21, 0.23)

0.474

0.00 (− 0.31, 0.31)

− 0.10 (− 0.32, 0.12)

0.576

 Beta-hydroxy-butyrate

0.07 (− 0.20, 0.34)

− 0.21 (− 0.43, 0.01)

0.098

− 0.01 (− 0.29, 0.27)

− 0.03 (− 0.26, 0.20)

0.843

0.03 (− 0.27, 0.33)

− 0.14 (− 0.37, 0.09)

0.311

 Aceto-acetate

− 0.08 (− 0.38, 0.22)

0.02 (− 0.23, 0.27)

0.568

− 0.17 (− 0.47, 0.13)

0.04 (− 0.21, 0.29)

0.125

− 0.11 (− 0.40, 0.18)

− 0.06 (− 0.31, 0.19)

0.757

 Acetone

0.07 (− 0.23, 0.37)

− 0.09 (− 0.36, 0.18)

0.355

0.03 (− 0.28, 0.34)

0.06 (− 0.20, 0.32)

0.812

0.01 (− 0.28, 0.30)

− 0.01 (− 0.27, 0.25)

0.910

Diabetes risk multimarkers

 LP-IR

0.02 (− 0.14, 0.18)

− 0.01 (− 0.16, 0.14)

0.816

0.05 (− 0.11, 0.21)

0.04 (− 0.11, 0.19)

0.455

0.02 (− 0.14, 0.18)

0.01 (− 0.16, 0.18)

0.942

 DRI

0.05 (− 0.19, 0.29)

0.14 (− 0.13, 0.41)

0.603

0.01 (− 0.22, 0.24)

0.13 (− 0.15, 0.41)

0.407

0.02 (− 0.24, 0.28)

0.08 (− 0.18, 0.34)

0.705

 GlycA

0.05 (− 0.13, 0.23)

− 0.15 (− 0.30, 0.00)

0.096

0.00 (− 0.18, 0.18)

− 0.16 (− 0.31, − 0.01)

0.148

0.00 (− 0.19, 0.19)

− 0.12 (− 0.25, 0.01)

0.309

 TMAO

0.18 (− 0.07, 0.43)

− 0.10 (− 0.33, 0.13)

0.098

0.08 (− 0.20, 0.36)

− 0.21 (− 0.44, 0.02)

0.103

0.10 (− 0.16, 0.36)

− 0.12 (− 0.35, 0.11)

0.214

  1. Metabolic data are means (95% CI) of normalized values scaled in multiples of 1 SD with Blom’s rank-based inverse normal transformation data. 1-year changes in nuts consumption values are means ± SD. P-values were obtained by ANCOVA adjusted by age, gender, body mass index (kg/m2), smoking status (ever smoker/never smoker), physical activity (met/day), diabetes (yes/no), dyslipidemia (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), and statin treatment (yes/no).
  2. 1-year change ANCOVAs were additionally adjusted by baseline metabolic values and baseline nut consumption
  3. Apo apolipoprotein, BCAA Branched-Chain Amino Acids, KB, ketone body, LP-IR lipoprotein insulin resistance, DRI diabetes risk index, TMAO Trimethylamine N-oxide
  4. aP-value < 0.05 for comparison between T1 and T3 after the Tukey test