Fig. 2

Apolipoproteins, small molecule metabolites, and markers of diabetes risk at baseline by tertiles of baseline energy-adjusted nut consumption in a subcohort of the PREDIMED-Reus trial. Metabolomics data are means (95% CI) of normalized values scaled in multiples of 1 SD with Blom’s rank-based inverse normal transformation data. Nuts groups were adjusted by energy intake and values are means (95% CI). The Tukey test was used to perform multiple comparisons between tertiles. P-value < 0.05 in ANCOVA adjusted by age, gender, body mass index (kg/m2), smoking status (ever smoker/never smoker), physical activity (met/day), diabetes (yes/no), dyslipidemia (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), and statin treatment (yes/no). P-value < 0.05 for comparison between T1 and T3 after the Tukey test. Apo, apolipoprotein; BCAA, Branched-Chain Amino Acids; KB, ketone body; LP-IR, lipoprotein insulin resistance; DRI, diabetes risk index; TMAO, Trimethylamine N-oxide; T1, tertile 1; T3, tertile 3