Developmental trajectories of body mass index from childhood into late adolescence and subsequent late adolescence–young adulthood cardiometabolic risk markers

Kolade Oluwagbemigun; Anette E. Buyken; Ute Alexy; Matthias Schmid; Christian Herder; Ute Nöthlings

doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0813-5

Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study participants, 354 males and 335 females

From: Developmental trajectories of body mass index from childhood into late adolescence and subsequent late adolescence–young adulthood cardiometabolic risk markers

	n (males, females)	Male	Female	P value
Baseline (prenatal, birth, and early life) parameters
Birth weight, g^a	354, 335	3590 (610)	3380 (560)	< 0.01
Birth length, cm^a	354, 335	52 (3)	51 (3)	< 0.01
Maternal prepregnancy BMI, kg/m^2a	319, 304	23.2 (4.6)	22.7 (4.4)	0.13
Maternal gestational weight gain, kg^a	341, 327	13 (5)	12 (5)	0.81
First-born child^b	290, 274	161 (56)	159 (58)	0.45
Breastfeeding duration, weeks^a	288, 277	26 (29)	28 (31)	0.36
Maternal education, high^b	131, 160	119 (91)	143 (89)	0.36
Maternal empolyment, employed^b	130, 159	27 (21)	59 (37)	< 0.01
Smoking household^b	211, 204	51 (24)	52 (25)	0.36
Dietary intake and lifestyle in late adolescence-young adulthood (18–39 years)
Daily total energy intake, kcal/day^a	225, 217	2417.9 (584.3)	1816 (449)	< 0.01
Alcohol drinkers^b	233, 221	164 (70)	160 (72)	0.64
Smokers^b	223, 221	40 (18)	34 (15)	0.47
Cardiometabolic risk markers in late adolescence-young adulthood (18–39 years)
Serum triglycerides, mg/dL^a	185, 184	79 (50)	88 (49)	0.14
Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dL^a	190, 185	50 (15)	65 (18)	< 0.01
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg^a	239, 228	118 (16)	110 (15)	< 0.01
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg^a	239, 228	74 (12)	70 (12)	< 0.01
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL^a	193, 188	94 (11)	90 (9)	< 0.01
C-reactive protein, mg/dL^a	159, 154	0.1 (0.1)	0.2 (0.3)	< 0.01
Interleukin-6, pg/mL^a	154, 152	0.7 (0.6)	0.7 (0.6)	0.72
Interleukin-18, pg/mL^a	156, 154	255.1 (101.8)	245.6 (96.7)	0.29
Adiponectin, ng/mL^a	157, 153	6030.3 (5198.3)	8711.2 (5539.9)	< 0.01
Chemerin, ng/mL^a	159, 154	140.9 (35.6)	166 (41.9)	< 0.01
Leptin, pg/mL^a	158, 149	2335.4 (3441.2)	12666.5 (9517.4)	< 0.01

^a Median (interquartile range) and ^b n(%), n = count, % = percentage, BMI body mass index. P-values of the difference between sexes were obtained from Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables, and Chi square test for categorical variables

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