|
Baseline (prenatal, birth, and early life) parameters
|
|
Birth weight, ga
|
354, 335
|
3590 (610)
|
3380 (560)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Birth length, cma
|
354, 335
|
52 (3)
|
51 (3)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Maternal prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2a
|
319, 304
|
23.2 (4.6)
|
22.7 (4.4)
|
0.13
|
|
Maternal gestational weight gain, kga
|
341, 327
|
13 (5)
|
12 (5)
|
0.81
|
|
First-born childb
|
290, 274
|
161 (56)
|
159 (58)
|
0.45
|
|
Breastfeeding duration, weeksa
|
288, 277
|
26 (29)
|
28 (31)
|
0.36
|
|
Maternal education, highb
|
131, 160
|
119 (91)
|
143 (89)
|
0.36
|
|
Maternal empolyment, employedb
|
130, 159
|
27 (21)
|
59 (37)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Smoking householdb
|
211, 204
|
51 (24)
|
52 (25)
|
0.36
|
|
Dietary intake and lifestyle in late adolescence-young adulthood (18–39 years)
|
|
Daily total energy intake, kcal/daya
|
225, 217
|
2417.9 (584.3)
|
1816 (449)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Alcohol drinkersb
|
233, 221
|
164 (70)
|
160 (72)
|
0.64
|
|
Smokersb
|
223, 221
|
40 (18)
|
34 (15)
|
0.47
|
|
Cardiometabolic risk markers in late adolescence-young adulthood (18–39 years)
|
|
Serum triglycerides, mg/dLa
|
185, 184
|
79 (50)
|
88 (49)
|
0.14
|
|
Serum HDL cholesterol, mg/dLa
|
190, 185
|
50 (15)
|
65 (18)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Systolic blood pressure, mmHga
|
239, 228
|
118 (16)
|
110 (15)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHga
|
239, 228
|
74 (12)
|
70 (12)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dLa
|
193, 188
|
94 (11)
|
90 (9)
|
< 0.01
|
|
C-reactive protein, mg/dLa
|
159, 154
|
0.1 (0.1)
|
0.2 (0.3)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Interleukin-6, pg/mLa
|
154, 152
|
0.7 (0.6)
|
0.7 (0.6)
|
0.72
|
|
Interleukin-18, pg/mLa
|
156, 154
|
255.1 (101.8)
|
245.6 (96.7)
|
0.29
|
|
Adiponectin, ng/mLa
|
157, 153
|
6030.3 (5198.3)
|
8711.2 (5539.9)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Chemerin, ng/mLa
|
159, 154
|
140.9 (35.6)
|
166 (41.9)
|
< 0.01
|
|
Leptin, pg/mLa
|
158, 149
|
2335.4 (3441.2)
|
12666.5 (9517.4)
|
< 0.01
|
