Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study population according to WHtR and BMI categories

Age (years)

57.0 ± 8.7

54.6 ± 7.2^†

62.6 ± 10.8^†‡

60.5 ± 9.5^†‡#

< 0.0001

Male, n (%)

249 (42.1)

87 (45.1)

97 (31.5) ^†

929 (40.6) ^‡#

0.4886

Current smokers, n (%)

143 (24.2)

52 (27.0)

64 (20.8)

468 (20.5)

0.0182

Alcohol drinking, n (%)

102 (17.2)

35 (18.1)

49 (15.9)

433 (19.0)

0.2999

Hypertension, n (%)

179 (30.2)

69 (35.8)

160 (52.0) ^†‡

1428 (62.4)^†‡#

< 0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

126.5 ± 19.1

128.9 ± 17.4

138.1 ± 23.3^†‡

141.1 ± 21.3^†‡#

< 0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

74.2 ± 9.6

77.8 ± 9.6^†

77.3 ± 10.2^†

80.0 ± 10.0^†‡#

< 0.0001

HbA1c (%)*

6.0 (5.7-6.3)

5.9 (5.6-6.2)

6.0 (5.7-6.6)^†‡

6.2 (5.8-6.9)^†‡

< 0.0001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.46 ± 1.88

5.30 ± 1.49^†

5.80 ± 2.18^†‡

5.91 ± 1.94^†‡

< 0.0001

2 h PG (mmol/L)

8.4 ± 5.3

7.6 ± 3.8

9.8 ± 6.0^†‡

10.4 ± 5.4^†‡

< 0.0001

HOMA-IR*

0.91(0.61-1.41)

1.26 (0.85-1.80)^†

1.31 (0.83-2.00)^†

2.07 (1.38-3.22)^†‡#

< 0.0001

Diabetes, n (%)

122 (20.6)

27 (14.0)^†

83 (27.0)^†‡

796 (34.8)^†‡#

< 0.0001

TC (mmol/L)

4.98 ± 0.90

5.04 ± 0.88

5.16 ± 0.98^†

5.21 ± 1.00^†‡

< 0.0001

TG (mmol/L)*

1.01 (0.77-1.37)

1.19 (0.84-1.84)^†

1.30 (0.97-1.99)^†

1.59 (1.14-2.29) ^†‡#

< 0.0001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.19 ± 0.61

2.29 ± 0.62

2.34 ± 0.66^†

2.45 ± 0.71^†‡#

< 0.0001

HDL-C(mmol/L)

1.51 ± 0.35

1.38 ± 0.34^†

1.41 ± 0.33^†

1.31 ± 0.28^†‡#

< 0.0001

Anthropometric index

WHtR

0.46 ± 0.03

0.48 ± 0.01^†

0.53 ± 0.03^†‡

0.57 ± 0.05^†‡#

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

20.6 ± 1.6

24.2 ± 1.1^†

21.8 ± 1.2^†‡

26.9 ± 3.0^†‡#

_

CIMT (mm)*

0.6 (0.5-0.6)

0.6 (0.5-0.6)

0.6 (0.6-0.7) ^†‡

0.6 (0.6-0.7)^†‡

< 0.0001