Table 2 Incidence rates and hazard ratio for stroke types by diabetic retinopathy severity

No or very mild DR

(ETDRS score < 35)

 Incidence rate

260 (170–382)

230 (146–345)

80 (35–158)

50 (16–117)

30 (6–88)

 Hazard ratio*

REF

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REF

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REF

 Hazard ratio†

REF

REF

REF

REF

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Non-proliferative DR

(ETDRS score ≥ 35 and < 61)

 Incidence rate

798 (516–1,178)

638 (390–986)

319 (153–587)

192 (70–417)

160 (52–372)

 Hazard ratio*

2.16 (1.24–3.77)

2.03 (1.11–3.71)

2.77 (1.09–7.07)

2.68 (0.81–8.80)

3.54 (0.83–15.04)

 Hazard ratio†

1.79 (1.02–3.15)

1.68 (0.91–3.10)

2.39 (0.93–6.14)

2.36 (0.71–7.85)

2.84 (0.66–12.28)

Proliferative DR

(ETDRS score ≥ 61)

 Incidence rate

1,140 (902–1,420)

765 (573–1000)

346 (222–515)

231 (132–375)

375 (245–550)

 Hazard ratio*

2.67 (1.66–4.31)

2.13 (1.26–3.60)

2.55 (1.09–5.96)

2.23 (0.78–6.33)

6.88 (1.94–24.42)

 Hazard ratio†

1.69 (1.02–2.82)

1.35 (0.77–2.36)

1.72 (0.70–4.22)

1.48 (0.51–4.35)

4.31 (1.16–16.10)