Table 1 The baseline characteristics and outcomes of participants classified by triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) tertiles
Variable | Overall (n = 1707) | Tertile 1 (n = 569) | Tertile 2 (n = 569) | Tertile 3 (n = 569) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TyG-BMI | 248.1 (210.3–296.4) | 196.6 (175.8–210.3) | 248.1 (236.4–261.3) | 323.1 (296.4–369.7) |  < 0.001 |
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age, years | 68 (58–78) | 72 (61–81) | 69 (59–78) | 65 (55–73) |  < 0.001 |
 Men, n (%) | 946 (55.42) | 301 (52.90) | 329 (57.82) | 316 (55.54) | 0.25 |
 Race/ethnicity, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Asian | 56 (3.28) | 33 (5.80) | 19 (3.34) | 4 (0.70) |  |
 White | 190 (11.13) | 58 (10.19) | 68 (11.95) | 64 (11.25) |  |
 Black | 1015 (59.46) | 338 (59.40) | 335 (58.88) | 342 (60.11) |  |
 Others | 446 (26.13) | 140 (24.60) | 147 (25.83) | 159 (27.94) |  |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension, n (%) | 923 (54.07) | 296 (52.02) | 316 (55.54) | 311 (54.66) | 0.46 |
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 563 (32.98) | 121 (21.27) | 171 (30.05) | 271 (47.63) |  < 0.001 |
 Heart failure, n (%) | 473 (27.71) | 161 (28.30) | 147 (25.83) | 165 (29.00) | 0.46 |
 Cardiac arrhythmias, n (%) | 784 (45.93) | 266 (46.75) | 257 (45.17) | 261 (45.87) | 0.87 |
 Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 28 (1.64) | 8 (1.41) | 11 (1.93) | 9 (1.58) | 0.78 |
 Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 160 (9.37) | 56 (9.84) | 51 (8.96) | 53 (9.32) | 0.88 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 118 (6.91) | 38 (6.68) | 32 (5.62) | 48 (8.44) | 0.17 |
 Respiratory failure, n (%) | 676 (39.6) | 222 (39.0) | 206 (36.2) | 248 (43.6) | 0.04 |
 Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 340 (19.92) | 98 (17.22) | 114 (20.04) | 128 (22.50) | 0.08 |
 Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 959 (56.18) | 270 (47.45) | 349 (61.34) | 340 (59.75) |  < 0.001 |
 Malignancy, n (%) | 320 (18.75) | 137 (24.08) | 102 (17.93) | 81 (14.24) |  < 0.001 |
 Renal failure, n (%) | 1369 (80.20) | 397 (69.77) | 453 (79.61) | 519 (91.21) |  < 0.001 |
 Sepsis, n (%) | 1108 (64.91) | 353 (62.04) | 367 (64.50) | 388 (68.19) | 0.09 |
 Ventilator-associated pneumonia, n (%) | 165 (9.67) | 38 (6.68) | 65 (11.42) | 62 (10.90) | 0.01 |
 Liver disease, n (%) | 234 (13.71) | 70 (12.30) | 82 (14.41) | 82 (14.41) | 0.49 |
 Charlson comorbidity index | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–8) | 6 (4–7) | 0.005 |
Baseline vital signs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Height, m | 1.68 (1.60–1.78) | 1.68 (1.60–1.75) | 1.68 (1.60–1.78) | 1.68 (1.60–1.78) | 0.15 |
 Weight, kg | 78.4 (65.2–93.9) | 62.0 (54.5–70.5) | 78.0 (70.4–86.4) | 100.0 (86.9–114.0) |  < 0.001 |
 Body mass index, kg/cm2 | 27.4(23.9–32.2) | 22.4 (20.3–24.2) | 27.6 (26.1–29.1) | 34.7 (32.0–38.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Mean blood pressure, mmHg | 86 (75–100) | 86 (75–98) | 88 (75–102) | 86 (76–100) | 0.19 |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 129 (113–149) | 128 (112–147) | 131 (114–152) | 129 (113–147) | 0.14 |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 69 (58–83) | 68 (58–81) | 71 (59–84) | 69 (59–85) | 0.23 |
 Mean heart rate, beats/min | 82 (72–96) | 83 (71–96) | 81 (72–95) | 83 (73–96) | 0.62 |
 Respiratory rate, times/min | 18 (15–22) | 18 (15–21) | 18 (15–22) | 18 (15–22) | 0.31 |
 Saturation of pulse oxygen, % | 99 (96–100) | 99 (97–100) | 99 (96–100) | 98 (96–100) |  < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Red blood cell, 109/L | 3.79 (3.20–4.32) | 3.67 (3.12–4.21) | 3.85 (3.22–4.31) | 3.86 (3.25–4.40) | 0.002 |
 Hemoglobin, g/L | 11.4 (9.6–13.0) | 11.1 (9.4–12.7) | 11.6 (9.7–13.1) | 11.5 (9.6–13.1) | 0.01 |
 Platelet, 109/L | 191 (146–248) | 193 (149–253) | 185 (138–246) | 195 (153–248) | 0.14 |
 White blood cell, 109/L | 11.0 (8.1–14.3) | 10.8 (7.7–14.0) | 10.9 (8.1–14.0) | 11.7 (8.4–15.1) | 0.008 |
 Sodium, mmol/L | 139 (136–141) | 139 (136–142) | 139 (137–141) | 138 (136–141) | 0.14 |
 Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 18 (13–28) | 18 (13–26) | 18 (13–28) | 19 (14–30) | 0.02 |
 Creatinine, mg/24 h | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) |  < 0.001 |
 Triglyceride, mg/dL | 117 (84–177) | 91 (70–122) | 118 (87–174) | 157 (111–239) |  < 0.001 |
 Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 130 (107–166) | 118 (101–148) | 129 (107–160) | 144 (117–188) |  < 0.001 |
 Potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 4.1 (3.7–4.5) | 0.44 |
 AG, mmol/L | 14 (12–16) | 14 (11–16) | 13 (11–16) | 14 (12–16) | 0.10 |
 Prothrombin time, s | 13.4 (12.1–15.6) | 13.4 (11.8–15.7) | 13.4 (12.1–15.7) | 13.4 (12.2–15.5) | 0.63 |
 Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | 29.5 (26.3–34.7) | 29.7 (26.7–35.2) | 29.3 (26.3–34.9) | 29.3 (26.1–33.8) | 0.10 |
 International normalized ratio | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 0.40 |
Clinical severity scores | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Baseline Glasgow Coma score | 15 (15–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 0.02 |
 SOFA | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 0.29 |
 SAPS-II | 35 (28–45) | 37 (29–45) | 35 (28–45) | 35 (28–44) | 0.15 |
 SIRS | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.37 |
 OASIS | 33 (27–38) | 33 (28–38) | 32 (27–38) | 33 (28–39) | 0.22 |
 APS-III | 41 (30–55) | 42 (31–55) | 40 (30–54) | 40 (30–56) | 0.10 |
Treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 1483 (86.9) | 467 (82.1) | 495 (87.0) | 521 (91.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Vasopressors, n (%) | 735 (43.06) | 226 (39.72) | 240 (42.18) | 269 (47.28) | 0.03 |
 Oxygen, n (%) | 1331 (77.97) | 417 (73.29) | 442 (77.68) | 472 (82.95) |  < 0.001 |
 Thrombolysis, n (%) | 100 (5.86) | 31 (5.45) | 37 (6.50) | 32 (5.62) | 0.72 |
 Thrombectomy, n (%) | 192 (11.25) | 60 (10.54) | 65 (11.42) | 67 (11.78) | 0.79 |
Stroke type | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ischemic stroke, n (%) | 1370 (80.26) | 449 (78.91) | 455 (79.96) | 466 (81.90) | 0.44 |
 Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage, n (%) | 434 (25.42) | 150 (26.36) | 154 (27.07) | 130 (22.85) | 0.22 |
 Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, n (%) | 116 (6.80) | 32 (5.62) | 42 (7.38) | 42 (7.38) | 0.40 |
Clinical outcomes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 LOS ICU, day | 5 (2–10) | 4 (2–8) | 5 (2–10) | 6 (3–12) |  < 0.001 |
 LOS hospital, day | 11 (6–20) | 9 (6–19) | 11 (6–20) | 13 (7–21) | 0.003 |
Short-term all-cause mortality | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ICU mortality, n (%) | 211 (12.36) | 68 (11.95) | 69 (12.13) | 74 (13.01) | 0.85 |
 In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 300 (17.57) | 101 (17.75) | 97 (17.05) | 102 (17.93) | 0.92 |
 30-day mortality, n (%) | 354 (20.74) | 136 (23.90) | 111 (19.51) | 107 (18.80) | 0.07 |
Long-term all-cause mortality | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 90-day mortality, n (%) | 469 (27.48) | 188 (33.04) | 141 (24.78) | 140 (24.60) | 0.001 |
 180-day mortality, n (%) | 523 (30.64) | 212 (37.26) | 162 (28.47) | 149 (26.19) |  < 0.001 |
 1-year mortality, n (%) | 584 (34.21) | 233 (40.95) | 184 (32.34) | 167 (29.35) |  < 0.001 |