Table 1 Baseline characteristics comparison stratified by the systolic blood pressure status

Demographic

Age (years)

58.3 ± 8.7

56.2 ± 7.9

57.3 ± 8.1

60.6 ± 9.1

< 0.001

Male, n(%)

3017 (46.0)

1052 (43.2)

664 (50.2)

1301 (46.5)

< 0.001

Married, n(%)

5884 (86.1)

2251 (92.5)

1222 (92.3)

2411 (86.1)

< 0.001

Rural residence, n(%)

5464 (83.3)

2035 (83.6)

1074 (81.1)

2355 (84.1)

0.049

Educational attainment < High school, n(%)

5919 (92.2)

2167 (89.0)

1171 (88.4)

2581 (92.2)

< 0.001

Physical examination

SBP (mmHg)

129.2 ± 20.8

109.6 ± 7.2

124.8 ± 2.9

148.4 ± 16.2

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

75.4 ± 11.9

66.0 ± 7.5

74.8 ± 7.1

83.8 ± 10.6

< 0.001

Pulse (beat per minute)

72.1 ± 10.1

71.9 ± 9.9

72.3 ± 9.9

72.1 ± 10.3

0.444

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.5 ± 3.8

22.7 ± 3.5

23.5 ± 3.7

24.1 ± 4.1

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

84.0 ± 12.3

81.0 ± 12.1

84.1 ± 11.8

86.4 ± 12.2

< 0.001

Laboratory

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

14.4 ± 2.2

14.1 ± 2.1

14.5 ± 2.2

14.5 ± 2.2

< 0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

129.7 ± 96.2

117.7 ± 83.9

127.0 ± 87.3

141.5 ± 108.2

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

193.9 ± 37.5

189.6 ± 35.4

192.5 ± 37.5

198.4 ± 38.7

< 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dL)

117.0 ± 34.3

114.1 ± 32.1

116.1 ± 33.8

120.0 ± 36.0

< 0.001

HDL-C (mg/dL)

51.7 ± 15.3

52.9 ± 15.0

51.6 ± 15.8

50.7 ± 15.3

< 0.001

eGFR (ml/min/1.72m²)

96.7 ± 19.4

98.9 ± 19.3

97.3 ± 18.9

94.4 ± 19.6

< 0.001

FBG (mg/dL)

109.0 ± 34.2

104.2 ± 25.5

108.5 ± 32.1

113.4 ± 40.5

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

5.2 ± 0.8

5.2 ± 0.6

5.3 ± 0.8

5.3 ± 0.9

< 0.001

Uric acid (mg/dL)

4.4 ± 1.2

4.2 ± 1.1

4.5 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 1.3

< 0.001

C-reactive protein (mg/l)*

1.0 (0.5, 2.0)

0.8 (0.5, 1.7)

0.9 (0.5, 2.0)

1.1 (0.6, 2.3)

< 0.001

TyG

8.7 ± 0.7

8.5 ± 0.6

8.6 ± 0.7

8.8 ± 0.7

< 0.001

Self reported comorbidity

Current smoker, n(%)

1985 (30.3)

697 (28.6)

428 (32.3)

860 (30.7)

0.050

Current drinker, n(%)

2235 (34.1)

813 (33.4)

477 (36.0)

945 (33.8)

0.238

Hypertension, n(%)

1329 (20.3)

160 (6.6)

193 (14.6)

976 (34.9)

< 0.001

Anti-hypertensive treatment, n(%)

1001 (15.3)

109 (4.5)

145 (11.0)

747 (26.7)

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus, n(%)

289 (4.4)

82 (3.4)

58 (4.4)

149 (5.3)

0.003

Anti-diabetic treatment, n(%)

187 (2.9)

46 (1.9)

43 (3.3)

98 (3.5)

0.001

Dyslipidemia, n(%)

471 (7.2)

137 (5.6)

89 (6.7)

245 (8.8)

< 0.001

Lipid-lowering treatment, n(%)

247 (3.8)

72 (3.0)

37 (2.8)

138 (4.9)

< 0.001

CKD, n(%)

396 (6.0)

155 (6.4)

90 (6.8)

151 (5.4)

0.145

Chronic lung disease, n(%)

679 (10.4)

242 (9.9)

143 (10.8)

294 (10.5)

0.673