Table 1 Baseline characteristics for individuals with type 2 diabetes and controls

Age, y

64.05 (14.17)

65.69 (12.09)

63.90 (14.23)

65.52 (12.18)

70.58 (8.92)

69.23 (9.46)

0.13

Age category, n (%)

18–44 years

30 654 (8.8)

7 318 (4.9)

30 638 (9.0)

7 279 (5.1)

16 (0.2)

39 (0.6)

45–54 years

43 080 (12.4)

18 649 (12.4)

42 815 (12.6)

18 290 (12.7)

265 (3.6)

359 (5.4)

55–64 years

93 362 (27.0)

42 592 (28.4)

91 704 (27.1)

40 870 (28.5)

1 658 (22.3)

1 722 (25.9)

65–74 years

95 044 (27.4)

43 549 (29.0)

92 129 (27.2)

41 083 (28.6)

2 915 (39.1)

2 466 (37.2)

≥ 75 years

84 283 (24.3)

38 107 (25.4)

81 690 (24.1)

36 056 (25.1)

2 593 (34.8)

2 051 (30.9)

Women, n (%)

153 050 (44.2)

66 623 (44.4)

149 951 (44.2)

64 010 (44.6)

3 099 (41.6)

2 613 (39.4)

0.003

Marital status, n (%)

0.06

Single

56 948 (16.4)

24 680 (16.4)

55 469 (16.4)

23 438 (16.3)

1 479 (19.9)

1 242 (18.7)

Married

184 446 (53.2)

81 521 (54.3)

180 534 (53.3)

77 983 (54.3)

3 912 (52.5)

3 538 (53.3)

Divorced

57 390 (16.6)

22 006 (14.7)

56 671 (16.7)

21 287 (14.8)

719 (9.7)

719 (10.8)

Widowed

47 626 (13.7)

22 004 (14.6)

46 291 (13.7)

20 866 (14.5)

1 335 (17.9)

1 138 (17.1)

Educational level, n (%)

0.2

Compulsory school

125 470 (36.8)

64 481 (43.8)

121 994 (36.6)

61 222 (43.5)

3 476 (47.3)

3 259 (50.0)

Upper secondary school

137 939 (40.4)

59 811 (40.7)

135 097 (40.5)

57 318 (40.8)

2 842 (38.7)

2 493 (38.2)

College/university

77 677 (22.8)

22 829 (15.5)

76 648 (23.0)

22 060 (15.7)

1 029 (14.0)

769 (11.8)

Income quartile, n (%)

0.19

1st quartile

81 365 (23.8)

40 693 (27.3)

79 389 (23.8)

38 822 (27.3)

1 976 (26.7)

1 871 (28.3)

2nd quartile

79 829 (23.4)

41 236 (27.7)

77 479 (23.2)

39 109 (27.5)

2 350 (31.7)

2 127 (32.1)

3rd quartile

85 965 (25.2)

36 987 (24.8)

84 166 (25.2)

35 425 (24.9)

1 799 (24.3)

1 562 (23.6)

4th quartile

94 103 (27.6)

29 977 (20.1)

92 815 (27.8)

28 916 (20.3)

1 288 (17.4)

1 061 (16.0)

Country/Region of birth, n (%)

0.15

Sweden

301 745 (87.1)

123 267 (82.1)

295 242 (87.1)

117 725 (82.0)

6 503 (87.3)

5 542 (83.5)

Europe

16 393 (4.7)

8 624 (5.7)

15 950 (4.7)

8 152 (5.7)

443 (5.9)

472 (7.1)

Rest of the world

28 285 (8.2)

18 324 (12.2)

27 784 (8.2)

17 701 (12.3)

501 (6.7)

623 (9.4)

History of comorbidities, n (%)

ASCVD

35 758 (10.3)

27 863 (18.5)

33 984 (10.0)

25 765 (17.9)

1 774 (23.8)

2 098 (31.6)

0.19

Ischemic heart disease

30 560 (8.8)

22 179 (14.8)

29 190 (8.6)

20 573 (14.3)

1 370 (18.4)

1 606 (24.2)

0.24

Myocardial Infarction

16 793 (4.8)

13 794 (9.2)

15 917 (4.7)

12 717 (8.9)

876 (11.8)

1 077 (16.2)

0.17

Stroke

15 981 (4.6)

9 972 (6.6)

15 366 (4.5)

9 291 (6.5)

615 (8.3)

681 (10.3)

0.09

Atrial fibrillation

19 822 (5.7)

12 669 (8.4)

19 012 (5.6)

11 884 (8.3)

810 (10.9)

785 (11.8)

0.11

Heart failure

12 996 (3.8)

10 384 (6.9)

12 434 (3.7)

9 700 (6.8)

562 (7.5)

684 (10.3)

0.14

Valvular disease

6 071 (1.8)

3 255 (2.2)

5 848 (1.7)

3 031 (2.1)

223 (3.0)

224 (3.4)

0.03

Acute kidney failure and Chronic kidney disease

2 708 (0.8)

1 815 (1.2)

2 542 (0.7)

1 647 (1.1)

166 (2.2)

168 (2.5)

0.04

Psychiatric disease

11 877 (3.4)

6 615 (4.4)

11 658 (3.4)

6 417 (4.5)

219 (2.9)

198 (3.0)

0.05

Cancer

35 483 (10.2)

16 183 (10.8)

34 565 (10.2)

15 438 (10.8)

918 (12.3)

745 (11.2)

0.02

Age at T2D diagnosis, y

-

60.28 (12.13)

-

60.20 (12.18)

-

61.98 (10.90)

T2D duration, y

-

4.87 (6.20)

-

4.80 (6.14)

-

6.58 (7.11)

HbA1c, mmol/mol

-

52.64 (13.60)

-

52.54 (13.57)

-

54.91 (13.99)

Blood pressure, mm Hg

Systolic

-

138.95 (17.56)

-

138.77 (17.49)

-

142.88 (18.54)

Diastolic

-

78.10 (9.83)

-

78.17 (9.82)

-

76.72 (9.88)

LDL-C, mmol/L

-

2.87 (0.94)

-

2.87 (0.93)

-

2.84 (0.98)

HDL-C, mmol/L

-

1.30 (0.41)

-

1.30 (0.41)

-

1.27 (0.40)

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

-

4.98 (1.08)

-

4.98 (1.08)

-

4.99 (1.11)

Triglycerides, mmol/L

-

1.89 (1.28)

-

1.88 (1.28)

-

2.03 (1.30)

BMI, kg/m²

-

29.75 (5.32)

-

29.80 (5.34)

-

28.80 (4.66)

eGFR, mL·min^− 1/1.73 m^− 2

-

80.66 (23.34)

-

80.84 (23.30)

-

76.69 (23.82)

Albuminuria, n (%)

Microalbuminuria

-

14 928 (15.4)

-

14 060 (15.2)

-

868 (20.1)

Macroalbuminuria

-

378 (0.4)

-

364 (0.4)

-

14 (0.3)

Smoker, n (%)

-

19 130 (15.3)

-

17 636 (14.7)

-

1 494 (26.7)

Medication, n (%)

Antihypertensive

126 831 (36.6)

96 516 (64.3)

122 451 (36.1)

91 650 (63.8)

4 380 (58.8)

4 866 (73.3)

0.58

Antiplatelet

67 799 (19.6)

53 499 (35.6)

64 972 (19.2)

50 277 (35.0)

2 827 (38.0)

3 222 (48.5)

0.37

Statins

54 158 (15.6)

60 696 (40.4)

51 767 (15.3)

57 421 (40.0)

2 391 (32.1)

3 275 (49.3)

0.57

Anticoagulant medication

13 092 (3.8)

8 524 (5.7)

12 554 (3.7)

7 964 (5.5)

538 (7.2)

560 (8.4)

0.09

Antihyperglycemic therapy, n (%)

Dietary

-

55 843 (37.2)

-

53 957 (37.6)

-

1886 (28.4)

Oral agents

-

65 588 (43.7)

-

62 644 (43.6)

-

2 944 (44.4)

Insulin

-

13 159 (8.8)

-

12 337 (8.6)

-

822 (12.4)

Insulin and oral agents

-

15 625 (10.4)

-

14 640 (10.2)

-

985 (14.8)