Table 2 Illustration of the course of follow-up during the study period regarding mortality, laboratory findings, blood pressure, pharmacotherapy and healthcare utilization

Total cohort

1173

272

255

59

1759

Deceased, n (%)

340 (29)

40 (15)

19 (8)

19 (32)

418 (24)

< 0.001

Laboratory findings

HbA1c levels

< 52 mmol/mol, n (%)

390 (52)

114 (53)

145 (57)

36 (62)

654 (53)

0.40

52–70 mmol/mol, n (%)

268 (36)

82 (38)

79 (35)

17 (29)

437 (36)

> 70 mmol/mol, n (%)

94 (13)

20 (9)

17 (8)

5 (9)

136 (11)

LDL-cholesterol < 2.5, n (%)

532 (45)

129 (66)

91 (66)

31 (54)

783 (70)

0.01

eGFR > 60 ml/min, n (%)

410 (35)

95 (54)

75 (56)

34 (47)

614 (50)

0.24

eGFR 30–60 ml/min, n (%)

329 (28)

68 (39)

49 (37)

30 (42)

476 (39)

eGFR < 30 ml/min, n (%)

104 (9)

12 (7)

10 (8)

8 (11)

134 (11)

Blood pressure

< 100 mm Hg, n (%)

11 (1)

9 (4)

1 (< 1)

3 (4)

24 (18)

0.006

100–130 mm Hg, n (%)

300 (37)

71 (31)

63 (29)

20 (30)

454 (34)

> 130 mm Hg, n (%)

506 (62)

148 (65)

154 (71)

43 (65)

851 (64)

Pharmacotherapy

Metformin, n (%)

684 (61)

206 (70)

177 (69)

45 (47)

1112 (63)

< 0.001

Sulfonylurea, n (%)

41 (4)

20 (7)

12 (5)

2 (2)

75 (5)

0.08

GLP1, n (%)

122 (11)

43 (15)

28 (11)

15 (16)

208 (12)

0.21

DPP4, n (%)

199 (18)

46 (16)

49 (19)

17 (18)

311 (18)

0.69

SGLT2, n (%)

133 (12)

44 (15)

39 (15)

6 (6)

222 (13)

0.07

Insulins, n (%)

306 (28)

91 (31)

35 (14)

20 (21)

452 (26)

< 0.001

Dietary diabetes treatment, n (%)

223 (20)

43 (15)

49 (19)

27 (28)

342 (19)

0.03

RAASi, n (%)

766 (69)

211 (72)

177 (69)

56 (58)

1210 (69)

0.10

Calcium antagonists, n (%)

424 (38)

116 (40)

112 (44)

32 (33)

684 (39)

0.23

Beta blockers, n (%)

717 (64)

196 (67)

160 (63)

60 (63)

1133 (64)

0.77

Diuretics (any of below), n (%)

465 (42)

124 (42)

58 (23)

36 (38)

683 (40)

< 0.001

Aldosterone antagonists, n (%)

175 (16)

45 (15)

15 (6)

14 (15)

249 (14)

< 0.001

Furosemide, n (%)

381 (34)

102 (35)

45 (18)

26 (27)

554 (32)

< 0.001

Thiazide, n (%)

61 (6)

15 (5)

14 (6)

5 (5)

95 (5)

1.00

Statin, n (%)

875 (78)

232 (79)

214 (84)

57 (59)

1378 (78)

< 0.001

Ezetimibe, n (%)

53 (5)

14 (5)

13 (5)

6 (6)

86 (5)

0.93

Healthcare utilization

Hospital care setting

In-patient care

Hospital admissions, mean (SD)

1.5 (1.5)

0.6 (1.1)

0.3 (0.8)

1.1 (1.2)

1.2 (1.4)

< 0.001

In-patient care days, mean (SD)

8.5 (11.7)

3.1 (7.4)

1.3 (4.9)

5.4 (9.6)

6.5 (10.7)

< 0.001

Out-patient care

Physician visits, mean (SD)

0.5 (3.1)

1.2 (12.9)

0.2 (1.3)

0.8 (1.3)

0.6 (1.1)

< 0.001

Nurse visits, mean (SD)

0.5 (0.5)

1.1 (1.1)

0.3 (1.3)

0.2 (0.4)

0.5 (5.7)

0.33

Primary care setting

Primary care visits, mean (SD)

10.1 (12.5)

11.1 (11.7)

9.1 (9.1)

9.8 (12.5)

10.1 (11.9)

0.28

Physician visits, mean (SD)

3.5 (4.3)

3.2 (3.5)

3.6 (3.5)

3.6 (3.7)

3.5 (4.0)

0.77

Nurse visits, mean (SD)

6.6 (10.2)

7.9 (9.6)

5.5 (6.9)

6.2 (9.8)

6.6 (9.8)

0.049

Out-patient care revisits ≤ 30 days

Hospital out-patient care, n (%)

91 (8)

33 (11)

10 (4)

12 (12)

146 (8)

0.007

Primary care, n (%)

497 (45)

133 (45)

222 (87)

48 (50)

900 (51)

< 0.001