Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, inflammation, and heart failure: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Table 2 Impact of SGLT-2 Inhibition on inflammatory biomarkers

Variants	OR (95% CI)	P value	FDR adjusted P value
CCL19	1.85 (1.10–3.12)	0.0199	0.0678
CCL20	2.84 (1.69–4.76)	0.0001	0.0014
CCL28	1.89 (1.15–3.12)	0.0125	0.0499
CD5	4.01 (2.40–6.69)	0.0000	0.0000
CXCL10	0.55 (0.33–0.93)	0.0245	0.0750
CXCL6	2.36 (1.40–3.95)	0.0012	0.0092
CXCL9	0.51 (0.28–0.91)	0.0223	0.0734
DNER	0.35 (0.19–0.65)	0.0010	0.0086
Protein S100-A12	1.82 (1.09–3.05)	0.0232	0.0737
FGF19	2.72 (1.63–4.54)	0.0021	0.0149
FGF21	1.78 (1.06–2.99)	0.0297	0.0881
FGF23	0.37 (0.22–0.62)	0.0001	0.0020
IFN-Y	0.47 (0.27–0.84)	0.0110	0.0482
IL-10	2.29 (1.36–3.85)	0.0017	0.0121
IL12B	3.78 (2.22–6.45)	0.0000	0.0000
IL-22RA	2.72 (1.51–4.88)	0.0008	0.0074
IL-6	1.99 (1.19–3.33)	0.0086	0.0416
LAP TGF-B1	3.35 (1.76–6.40)	0.0002	0.0025
LIF	0.48 (0.27–0.86)	0.0135	0.0518
MCP-1	1.98 (1.19–3.32)	0.0091	0.0416
MCP-4	2.02 (1.21–3.38)	0.0074	0.0380
Neurturin	0.49 (0.27–0.87)	0.0150	0.0553
PD-L1	0.36 (0.21–0.59)	0.0001	0.0014
SULT1A1	0.35 (0.17–0.75)	0.0068	0.0367
TNF	0.48 (0.27–0.85)	0.0125	0.0499
TSLP	2.00 (1.12–3.59)	0.0198	0.0678
uPA	2.19 (1.31–3.66)	0.0029	0.0176
CRP	0.88 (0.80–0.96)	0.0058	0.0334

CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, CCL19 C–C motif chemokine 19, CCL20 C–C motif chemokine 20, CCL28 C–C motif chemokine 28, CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine 10, CXCL6 C-X-C motif chemokine 6, CXCL9 C-X-C motif chemokine 9, DNER Delta and Notch-like epidermal growth factor related receptor, FGF19 Fibroblast growth factor 19, FGF21 Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF23 Fibroblast growth factor 23, IFN-γ Interferon gamma, IL-10 Interleukin-10, IL-12B Interleukin-12 subunit beta, IL-22RA Interleukin-22 receptor subunit alpha-1, IL-6 Interleukin-6, LAP TGF-β1 Latency associated peptide transforming growth factor beta 1, LIF Leukemia inhibitory factor, MCP -1 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-4 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-4, PD-L1 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, SULT1A1 Sulfotransferase 1A1, TNF Tumor necrosis factor, TSLP Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, uPA Urokinase type plasminogen activator, CRP C-reactive protein

ISSN: 1475-2840