Fig. 3

TZT Effects on fibrosis, hypertrophy, and Akt signaling markers mRNA expression and protein levels of A TGF-β, B MMP9, C Collagen, D FBXO32, and E MURF1 exposure to normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG), or HG with 100 nM TZT after 7 days. Also, F Akt and p-Akt protein levels were shown. β-Actin was used as an internal control in gene expression. The fold increase of mRNA expression compared with NG was calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCt method. Protein expression densitometry analysis was performed using Image J 1.52n software. Data are mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p < vs NG; ** p < vs HG