Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of participants categorized by TyG index
Variables | Overall (n = 1475) | Q1 (n = 369) | Q2 (n = 367) | Q3 (n = 369) | Q4 (n = 370) | P-valve |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TyG index | 8.8 (8.4–9.2) | 8.2 (7.9–8.3) | 8.6 (8.5–8.7) | 9.0 (8.9–9.1) | 9.5 (9.3–9.9) | < 0.001 |
Demographic variables | ||||||
Age (y, IQR) | 69 (57–79) | 73 (61–82) | 73 (60–81) | 67 (55–77) | 65 (54–74) | < 0.001 |
Male (n, %) | 803 (54.4%) | 189 (51.2%) | 199 (54.2%) | 217 (58.8%) | 198 (53.5%) | 0.211 |
Ethnicity | 0.003 | |||||
White (n, %) | 896(60.8%) | 234(63.4%) | 230(62.7%) | 219(59.4%) | 213(57.6%) | Â |
Black (n, %) | 185(12.5%) | 59(16.0%) | 59(13.4%) | 47(12.7%) | 30(8.1%) | Â |
Mexican American (n, %) | 64(4.3%) | 12(3.3%) | 14(3.8%) | 18(4.9%) | 20(5.4%) | Â |
Other (n, %) | 330(22.4%) | 64(17.3%) | 74(20.2%) | 85(23.0%) | 107(28.9%) | Â |
Clinical severity | ||||||
GCS | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 15 (15–15) | < 0.001 |
SOFA | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–2) | 0.055 |
SAPS-II | 32 (25–40) | 32 (24.5–39.5) | 33 (25–40) | 31(24–40) | 33 (26–41) | 0.149 |
SIRS | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1.5-3) | 2 (2–3) | 2(2–3) | 3 (2–3) | < 0.001 |
OASIS | 30 (25–36) | 30 (25–35) | 30 (25–35) | 30(25–35) | 31 (25–36) | 0.346 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Hypertension (n, %) | 928 (62.9%) | 242 (65.6%) | 248 (57.6%) | 231 (62.6%) | 207 (56.0%) | 0.007 |
Diabetes (n, %) | 387 (26.2%) | 60 (16.3%) | 70 (19.1%) | 104 (28.2%) | 153 (41.4%) | < 0.001 |
IVH (n, %) | 157 (10.6%) | 34 (9.2%) | 37 (10.1%) | 39 (10.6%) | 47 (12.7%) | 0.463 |
HF (n, %) | 203 (13.8%) | 46 (12.5%) | 52 (14.2%) | 46 (12.5%) | 59 (16.0%) | 0.461 |
Cardiac arrhythmias (n, %) | 624 (42.3%) | 156 (42.3%) | 162 (44.1%) | 149 (40.4%) | 157 (42.4%) | 0.784 |
PVD (n, %) | 61 (4.1%) | 10 (2.7%) | 18 (4.9%) | 14 (3.8%) | 19 (5.1%) | 0.324 |
COPD (n, %) | 55 (3.7%) | 9 (2.4%) | 15 (4.1%) | 15 (4.1%) | 16 (4.3%) | 0.508 |
RF (n, %) | 941 (63.8%) | 205 (55.6%) | 218 (59.4%) | 247 (66.9%) | 271 (73.2%) | < 0.001 |
Liver disease (n, %) | 130 (8.8%) | 24 (6.5%) | 25 (6.8%) | 37 (10.0%) | 44 (11.9%) | 0.025 |
Malignant tumors (n, %) | 313 (21.2%) | 83 (22.5%) | 84 (22.9%) | 82 (22.2%) | 64 (17.3%) | 0.204 |
Coagulopathy (n, %) | 192 (13.0%) | 53 (14.4%) | 46 (12.5%) | 41 (11.1%) | 52 (14.1%) | 0.532 |
Sepsis(n, %) | 721 (48.9%) | 145 (39.3%) | 161 (43.9%) | 181 (49.1%) | 234 (63.2%) | < 0.001 |
CCI | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (4–7) | 5 (3–7) | 5 (3–7) | 0.225 |
Vital signs | ||||||
SBP (mmHg) | 138 (121–153) | 136 (121–149) | 140 (123–154) | 137.5 (122-152.5) | 137 (119–154) | 0.077 |
DBP (mmHg) | 74 (63–85) | 73 (61–83) | 74 (65–86) | 75 (65-85.5) | 72 (62–87) | 0.134 |
MBP (mmHg) | 91 (80–103) | 90 (78.5–101) | 92 (81–104) | 91 (82–102) | 92 (79–105) | 0.185 |
Heart rate (beats/min) | 81 (71–92) | 80(70–91) | 80 (70–93) | 81 (72–92) | 82 (70–93) | 0.293 |
SpO2 (%) | 98 (96–100) | 98 (96–100) | 98 (96–100) | 98 (96–100) | 98 (96–100) | 0.268 |
Temperature (℃) | 36.8 (36.5–37.1) | 36.8 (36.5–37.1) | 36.8(36.4–37.1) | 36.8 (36.5–37.1) | 36.8 (36.6–37.2) | 0.004 |
Laboratory Parameters | ||||||
RBC (109/L) | 4.1 (3.6–4.5) | 4.0 (3.5–4.4) | 4.1 (3.6–4.5) | 4.2 (3.7–4.5) | 4.0 (3.5–4.5) | 0.006 |
Hb (g/L) | 12.2 (10.7–13.5) | 11.9 (10.7–13.4) | 12.3 (10.9–13.6) | 12.4 (11.2–13.6) | 12.0 (10.3–13.4) | 0.018 |
WBC (109/L) | 10.2 (7.8–13.3) | 9.3 (7.1–12.1) | 10 (7.9–12.3) | 10.6 (8.1–13.8) | 11.4 (8.4–14.4) | < 0.001 |
NEU (109/L) | 7.2 (5-9.2) | 6.5 (4.6–8.6) | 7.2 (4.9-9) | 7.3 (5.3–9.2) | 7.8 (5.4–10.1) | < 0.001 |
PLT (109/L) | 207 (164–258) | 203.5 (160-254.5) | 201 (164–254) | 213 (166.5–264) | 209 (166–260) | 0.222 |
MONO (109/L) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) | 0.7 (0.6-1.0) | 0.008 |
LYM (109/L) | 1.4(1-1.8) | 1.4(1-1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.0-1.8) | 0.215 |
SII | 1007.1 (602.6-1677.3) | 953.2 (543.8-1541.8) | 973.8 (589.9-1597.8) | 1012.2 (629.9-1676.5) | 1150.5 (637.8-1985.8) | 0.012 |
SIRI | 3.4 (1.9–5.7) | 3.1 (1.7-5) | 3.2 (1.8–5.1) | 3.5 (1.9–5.9) | 3.9 (2-6.8) | < 0.001 |
AISI | 686.7 (356.6-1251.8) | 633.8 (334.7-1085.8) | 620.8 (343.2-1075.2) | 742.2 (379.8-1322.7) | 785.2 (380.8-1492.1) | 0.002 |
TG (mg/dL) | 111 (79–157) | 66 (55.5–80) | 96 (83–111) | 130.5 (112.5–155) | 202 (157–277) | < 0.001 |
FBG (mg/dL) | 114 (97–140) | 98 (89–111) | 110 (97-129.4) | 118 (101–139) | 145.8 (117–184) | < 0.001 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139 (137–142) | 139 (137–142) | 139 (137–141) | 139 (137–142) | 139 (137–142) | 0.873 |
Serum creatinine | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9(0.7–1.1) | 0.9(0.8–1.2) | 1(0.8–1.3) | < 0.001 |
APTT (s) | 12.7(11.7–14.2) | 12.6(11.7–14) | 12.8(11.7–14.4) | 12.7(11.6–13.9) | 12.7(11.8–14.3) | 0.31 |
INR | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1-1.3) | 1.1 (1.1–1.3) | 0.609 |
Treatment | ||||||
MT (n, %) | 1038 (70.4%) | 228 (61.8%) | 251 (68.4%) | 264 (71.5%) | 295 (79.7%) | < 0.001 |
Vasopressor (n, %) | 296 (20.1%) | 51 (13.8%) | 59 (16.1%) | 75 (20.3%) | 111 (30.0%) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||||
ICU ACM | 107 (7.3%) | 20 (5.4%) | 20 (5.5%) | 24 (6.5%) | 43 (11.6%) | 0.002 |
In-hospital ACM | 161 (10.9%) | 30 (8.1%) | 39 (10.6%) | 33 (8.9%) | 59 (16.0%) | 0.003 |
30 days ACM (n, %) | 204 (13.8%) | 50 (13.6%) | 51 (13.9%) | 37 (10.0%) | 66 (17.8%) | 0.023 |
90 days ACM (n, %) | 290 (19.7%) | 71 (19.2%) | 70 (19.1%) | 62 (16.8%) | 87 (23.5%) | 0.138 |
1 year ACM (n, %) | 403 (27.3%) | 99 (26.8%) | 94 (25.6%) | 96 (26.0%) | 114 (30.8%) | 0.366 |