Table 4 Antidiabetic drugs used by patients in the included studies

Arévalo et al. [22]

17

Dapagliflozin: 47.1%

Canagliflozin: 29.4%

Empagliflozin: 23.5%

Liraglutide: 82.3%

Dulaglutide: 11.8%

Albiglutide: 5.9%

N/A

Berkovic et al. [23]

200

SGLT2i

Insulin: 32.4%

Metformin: 94.1%

SU: 11.8%

Other: 8.8%

GLP-1RA

Insulin: 45.2%

Metformin: 85.5%

SU: 19.4%

Other: 16.1%

SGLT2i + GLP-1A

Insulin: 26.2%

Metformin: 78.6%

SU: 14.3%

Other: 19.0%

Bhattacharyya et al. [24]

15

Canagliflozin, empagliflozin, or dapagliflozin: 100%

Dulaglutide: 100%

Sitagliptin/vildagliptin/linagliptin + glimepiride: 100%

Insulin (8.35 ± 0.45 U): 26.7%

Carretero Gómez et al. [27]

113

Canagliflozin: 58.4%

Dapagliflozin: 26.5%

Empagliflozin: 15.04%

Liraglutide: 52.2%

Dulaglutide: 29.2%

Exenatide LAR: 8.84%

Lixisenatide: 5.31%

Albiglutide: 4.42%

Insulin (39.4 ± 19.5 U): 46%

Carretero Gómez et al. [28]

178

Canagliflozin: 46.6%

Dapagliflozin: 29.8%

Empagliflozin: 23.6%

Liraglutide: 52.2%

Dulaglutide: 33.1%

Exenatide LAR: 7.3%

Lixisenatide: 4.5%

Albiglutide: 2.8%

N/A

Deol et al. [25]

79

Dapagliflozin: 97.3%

Canagliflozin: 2.7%

Insulin (89.0 ± 51.0 U): 62.2%

Metformin: 78.4%

Díaz-Trastoy et al. [26]

212

Dapagliflozin: 45.8%

Empagliflozin: 35.8%

Canagliflozin: 18.4%

Dulaglutide: 52.4%

Liraglutide: 26.9%

Exenatide LAR: 17%

Lixisenatide: 3.8%

Metformin: 86.8%

Sulfonylureas: 10.8%

DPP-4 inhibitors: 1.9%

Pioglitazone: 0.9%

Repaglinide: 0.9%

Insulin (59.3 ± 38.7 U): 41%

Goncalves et al. [29]

79

Canagliflozin: 75.0%

Empagliflozin: 35.0%

Liraglutide: 66%

N/A

Gorgojo-Martínez et al. [32]

213

Dapagliflozin: 100%

Liraglutide: 72.5%

Exenatide (once weekly): 20.2%

Exenatide (twice daily): 2.8%

Lixisenatide: 4.6%

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on

Metformin: 96.3%

SU: 13.8%

Glitazones: 7.3%

Insulin (56.6 ± 41.6 U): 48.6%

SGLT2i

Metformin: 83.7%

SU: 19.2%

DPP-4 inhibitors: 41.3%

Insulin (45.3 ± 30.5 U): 35.6%

Jensen et al. [30]

66,807

Dapagliflozin: 49.7%

Canagliflozin: 3.4%

Empagliflozin: 46.9%

Liraglutide: 96.2%

Exenatide: 2.2%

Lixisenatide: 0.1%

Dulaglutide: 1.5%

Metformin: 100%

Kim et al. [31]

104

Dapagliflozin or empagliflozin: 100%

Dulaglutide: 100%

Metformin: 98.1%

SU: 81.7%

Insulin (53.38 ± 24.57 U): 10.6%

Riley et al. [33]

2.2 million

N/A

N/A

N/A

Saroka et al. [34]

75

Canagliflozin: 100%

Liraglutide: 62.7%

Exenatide (once weekly): 25.3%

Exenatide (twice daily): 12.0%

Metformin: 78.7%

Insulin: 60%

Thiazolidinediones: 25.3%

SU: 16%

Colesevelam: 4%

DPP-4 inhibitor: 2.7%

Meglitinide: 1.3%