Table 3 Characteristics of participants in the included studies

Arévalo et al. [22]

17

52.9

66.8 ± 8.3 (median)

N/A

8.1 ± 0.8

124 ± 11

30.8 ± 3.8

N/A

Berkovic et al. [23]

200

N/A

62.1 ± 9.5

11.7 ± 6.2

8.32 ± 1.26

N/A

39.41 ± 5.49

N/A

Bhattacharyya et al. [24]

15

60.0

49.5 ± 9.3

7.6 ± 1.2

8.61 ± 1.41

129.87 ± 4.81

32.27 ± 4.67

N/A

Carretero Gómez et al. [27]

113

65.5

70.4 ± 8.8

N/A

8.04 ± 1.2

136.1 ± 17

36.5 ± 6.6

Hypertension (69.9%), dyslipidemia (82.3%), coronary artery disease (19.5%), heart failure (9.73%)

Carretero Gómez et al. [28]

178

58.6

61.9 ± 10.0

10.0 ± 6.7

8.2 ± 0.9

138.3 ± 16.9

36.2 ± 10

Hypertension (80.9%), dyslipidemia (81.4%), coronary artery disease (7.9%)

Deol et al. [25]

79

51.1

57.4 ± 7.8

13.1 ± 7.2

8.8 ± 1.47

134 ± 16

38.4 ± 6.3

N/A

Díaz-Trastoy et al. [26]

212

47.6

61.5 ± 9.6

12.3 ± 7.0

8.4 ± 1.2

137.4 ± 17.9

37.7 ± 8.1

Hypertension (51.1%), retinopathy (14.6%), nephropathy (10.4%), peripheral neuropathy (3.3%), autonomic neuropathy (1.9%), cardiovascular disease (11.8%), cerebrovascular disease (1.4%), heart failure (0.5%), pulmonary edema (0.9%)

Goncalves et al. [29]

79

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 50.0

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 48.0

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: Median 60.5 ± 7.1

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: Median 51.0 ± 10.0

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 9.3 ± 6.0

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 11.0 ± 6.0

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 8.9 ± 1.3

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 9.1 ± 1.4

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 133 ± 17 Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 135 ± 16

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 37.2 ± 5.2

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 39.2 ± 8.2

N/A

Gorgojo-Martínez et al. [32]

213

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 59.6

SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 47.1

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 59.1 ± 10.7

SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 59.7 ± 10.8

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 12.4

SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 9.1

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 7.4 ± 1.3 SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 7.3 ± 1.3

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 139.5 ± 15.5

SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 139.3 ± 13.5

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: 35.0 ± 4.2

SGLT2i (dapagliflozin): 35.9 ± 8.2

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on: Hypertension (82.6%), hypercholesterolemia (93.6%), hypertriglyceridemia (63.3%), current smoker (17.4%), diabetic retinopathy (15.6%), diabetic renal disease (29.4%), diabetic neuropathy (11.1%), coronary artery disease (13.8%), stroke (5.5%), peripheral artery disease (12.8%)

Jensen et al. [30]

66,807

SGLT2i: 63.8

GLP-1RA: 52.1

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 64.8

SGLT2i: 59.0 ± 12.0

GLP-1RA: 58.0 ± 12.0

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 57.0 ± 11.0

SGLT2i: 6.0 ± 5.0

GLP-1RA: 7.0 ± 5.0

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 9.0 ± 5.0

N/A

Kim et al. [31]

104

48.7

51.1 ± 10.6

N/A

9.02 ± 1.39

132.78 ± 16.49

28.78 ± 4.28

N/A

Riley et al. [33]

2.2 million

SGLT2i: 59.6

GLP-1RA: 43.6

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 50.9

SGLT2i: 62.8 ± 12.2

GLP-1RA: 58.7 ± 13.0

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 58.7 ± 11.5

N/A

N/A

Saroka et al. [34]

75

56.0

58.0 ± 8.6

13.8 ± 6.4

7.94 ± 0.69

121 ± 11

39.4 ± 9.4

Hypertension (90.7%), dyslipidemia (94.7%), microvascular disease (32.0%), macrovascular disease (22.7%)