Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies

Arévalo et al. [22]

Spain

17

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 2)

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 10)

Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 5)

6 months

Multicenter, prospective cohort study

N

Berkovic et al. [23]

Croatia

200

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 76)

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 76)

Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 48)

6 months

12 months

Retrospective and prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study

Y

Bhattacharyya et al. [24]

India

15

GLP-1RA (dulaglutide) + SGLT2i + metformin with or without insulin

3 months

Retrospective, single-center, observational study

N

Carretero Gómez et al. [27]

Brazil

113

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 30)

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 59)

Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 24)

3 months

6 months

Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study

Y

Carretero Gómez et al. [28]

Brazil

178

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 52)

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 76)

Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 50)

6 months

Prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study

Y

Deol et al. [25]

UK

79

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 79)

3–6 months

Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study

N

Díaz-Trastoy et al. [26]

Spain

212

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 38)

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 85)

Sequential SGLT2i + GLP-1RA add-on (n = 89)

5.5 months

16.4 months

Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study

Y

Goncalves et al. [29]

USA

79

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 33)

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on (n = 46)

Simultaneous SGLT2i + GLP-1RA: 14 months

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i add-on: 18 months

Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study

Y

Gorgojo-Martínez et al. [32]

Spain

213

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) add-on (n = 109)

SGLT2i (dapagliflozin) (n = 103)

6 months

12 months

Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study

N

Jensen et al. [30]

Denmark

66,807

SGLT2i (n = 3405)

GLP-1RA (n = 11,436)

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 1823)

20 years

Time-to–event cohort study based on the Danish National Registry

Y

Kim et al. [31]

Korea

104

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 104)

6 months

12 months

Retrospective, single-center, observational cohort study

Y

Riley et al. [33]

Global

2.2 million

SGLT2i (n = 1,43,600)

GLP-1RA (n = 1,86,841)

SGLT2i + GLP-1RA (n = 1,08,504)

5 years

Retrospective, observational cohort study based on inpatient and outpatient electronic medical records from TriNetX

Y

Saroka et al. [34]

USA

75

Sequential GLP-1RA + SGLT2i (canagliflozin) add-on (n = 75)

40 months

Retrospective, pre-post, single-center, observational cohort study

N