Prevalence and prognostic significance of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in community-based people with type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II

Table 4 Most parsimonious Cox models of independent predictors of IHD, HF and all-cause death in the FDS2 cohort with CAN category defined (n = 830) and added

	HR (95% CI)	P-value
IHD (n = 651)
Diabetes duration (increase of 1 year)	1.02 (1.004, 1.04)	0.021
Heart rate (increase of 1 beat/min)	1.02 (1.005, 1.03)	0.009
Ln(uACR)^a	1.21 (1.08, 1.35)	0.001
Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy	1.29 (1.05, 1.57)	0.014
CAN category: none	1.00
Possible	0.96 (0.66, 1.41)	0.851
Definite	1.00 (0.60, 1.68)	0.993
HF (n = 788)
Age (increase of 1 year)	1.05 (1.02, 1.07)	< 0.001
Aboriginal descent	2.79 (1.51, 5.18)	0.001
Diabetes duration (increase of 1 year)	1.03 (1.01, 1.05)	0.011
Ln(uACR)^a	1.33 (1.18, 1.49)	< 0.001
Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy	1.49 (1.19, 1.85)	< 0.001
Peripheral arterial disease	1.66 (1.11, 2.48)	0.013
Ischaemic heart disease	1.95 (1.32, 2.88)	0.001
CAN category: None	1.00
Possible	0.94 (0.61, 1.46)	0.789
Definite	1.27 (0.78, 2.06)	0.342
All-cause mortality (n = 827)
Age (increase of 1 year)	1.07 (1.05, 1.09)	< 0.001
Male sex	1.55 (1.12, 2.15)	0.008
Aboriginal descent	8.82 (3.20, 24.3)	< 0.001
Other European ethnic background	0.36 (0.16, 0.79)	0.011
Antidepressant therapy	3.06 (1.29, 7.26)	0.011
Angiotensin receptor blocker use	1.42 (1.03, 1.95)	0.031
eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m²	2.82 (1.40, 5.69)	0.004
Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy	1.14 (0.94, 1.38)	0.174
Cerebrovascular disease	1.67 (1.03, 2.73)	0.039
HF	2.42 (1.42, 4.13)	0.001
CAN category: None	1.00
Possible	1.47 (1.01, 2.14)	0.046
Definite	2.42 (1.60, 3.67)	< 0.001
Time-varying covariates
Aboriginal descent	0.42 (0.24, 0.75)	0.003
Antidepressant therapy	0.62 (0.39, 0.99)	0.047

Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are shown. The proportional hazards assumption was violated in the model for all-cause mortality but not for IHD or HF
^aA 2.72-fold increase in urinary albumin:creatinine ratio corresponds to an increased risk of 1 in ln(urinary albumin:creatinine)

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