Table 3 Baseline characteristics of FDS2 participants with type 2 diabetes by incident IHD status, excluding those with pre-recruitment hospitalisation for/with IHD

N (%)

516 (78.4)

142 (21.6)

CAN group (%)

 None

55.6

50.0

 Possible

32.9

31.7

 Definite

11.4

18.3

MCR (n = 658)

21.4 [12.4–34.8]

22.1 [11.9–31.0]

E:I ratio (n = 658)

1.13 [1.09–1.20]

1.13 [1.08–1.18]

Valsalva ratio (n = 642)

1.51 [1.33–1.73]

1.44 [1.28–1.58]

30:15 Stand ratio (n = 657)

1.16 [1.09–1.25]

1.12 [1.07–1.21]

Orthostatic hypotension (%)

14.8

8.5

Age (years)

60.9 ± 10.5

62.0 ± 10.5

Male (%)

53.1

54.9

Education beyond primary level (%)

93.7

92.9

Not fluent in English (%)

6.4

6.3

Ethnic background (%)

 Anglo-Celt

54.1

50.0

 Southern European

11.0

10.6

 Other European

7.2

7.7

 Asian

4.8

2.8

 Aboriginal

5.6

14.1

 Mixed/other

17.2

14.8

Smoking status (%)

 Never

54.5

46.4

 Ex-

34.9

40.7

 Current

10.6

12.9

Alcohol consumption (standard drinks^a/day)

0.3 [0–1.5]

0.1 [0–0.8]

Antidepressant use (%)

14.1

15.5

 Tricyclic antidepressants

2.5

4.2

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

8.9

6.3

Age at diabetes diagnosis (years)

52.8 ± 11.2

50.9 ± 12.3

Diabetes duration (years)

5.7 [2.6–13.0]

10.0 [4.2–16.1]

Diabetes treatment (%)

 Diet/exercise

25.5

17.0

 Oral agents ± non-insulin injectables

56.1

53.9

 Insulin alone

2.7

5.0

 Insulin ± oral agents ± non-insulin injectables

15.6

24.1

HbA_1c (%)

6.8 [6.2–7.6]

7.1 [6.3–8.3]

HbA_1c (mmol/mol)

51 [44–60]

54 [45–67]

Fasting serum glucose (mmol/L)

7.3 [6.4–8.9]

7.6 [6.5–10.6]

ABSI (m^11/6 kg^−2/3)

0.080 ± 0.005

0.082 ± 0.005

BMI (kg/m²)

32.2 ± 6.2

31.8 ± 7.0

Pulse rate (beats/min)

70 ± 11

73 ± 12

Supine systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

141 ± 20

146 ± 20

Supine diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81 ± 12

81 ± 13

Antihypertensive medication (%)

64.3

65.5

 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

30.2

33.1

 Angiotensin receptor blockers

31.2

35.2

 Beta-blockers

8.9

9.9

 Calcium channel blockers

20.2

21.1

 Diuretics

24.0

28.9

Total serum cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.3 ± 1.0

4.5 ± 1.2

Serum HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.21 ± 0.33

1.19 ± 0.29

Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.5 (0.9–2.4)

1.6 (1.0–2.7)

Lipid-lowering medication (%)

64.1

61.3

uACR (mg/mmol)

2.3 (0.7–7.5)

4.1 (0.8–21.6)

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

86 ± 18

82 ± 21

eGFR categories (%)

 ≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m²

47.2

41.1

 60–89 mL/min/1.73m²

43.7

44.7

 45–59 mL/min/1.73m²

6.0

7.8

 30–44 mL/min/1.73m²

1.7

4.3

 < 30 mL/min/1.73m²

1.4

2.1

Distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (%)

28.7

38.3

Peripheral arterial disease (%)

17.9

23.2

Prior hospitalisation for cerebrovascular disease (%)

2.9

6.3

Prior hospitalisation for HF (%)

1.4

2.8