Table 3 Mean adjusted levels of cardiovascular risk factors in the 3 weight change groups at 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years postpartum, respectively, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, family history of DM, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, duration of breastfeeding, and time since delivery

Triglycerides (mmol/l):

 At 1-year

0.90 ± 0.05

1.00 ± 0.05

0.98 ± 0.05

0.2

 At 3-years

0.84 ± 0.04

0.92 ± 0.04

0.98 ± 0.04 ^a

0.02

 At 5-years

0.90 ± 0.05

1.05 ± 0.05 ^b

1.11 ± 0.05 ^a

0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l):

 At 1-year

1.45 ± 0.04

1.48 ± 0.04

1.42 ± 0.04

0.44

 At 3-years

1.44 ± 0.04

1.46 ± 0.04

1.41 ± 0.04

0.51

 At 5-years

1.61 ± 0.05

1.62 ± 0.05

1.49 ± 0.04 ^c

0.02

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l):

 At 1-year

2.56 ± 0.10

2.67 ± 0.10

2.69 ± 0.09

0.47

 At 3-years

2.42 ± 0.10

2.55 ± 0.10

2.56 ± 0.08

0.36

 At 5-years

2.26 ± 0.10

2.48 ± 0.09

2.59 ± 0.08 ^a

0.01

apoB (g/L):

 At 1-year

0.78 ± 0.03

0.82 ± 0.02

0.81 ± 0.02

0.47

 At 3-years

0.72 ± 0.02

0.77 ± 0.02

0.77 ± 0.02

0.13

 At 5-years

0.74 ± 0.03

0.82 ± 0.03^b

0.84 ± 0.02^a

0.003

Matsuda index:

 At 1-year

6.86 ± 0.48

6.85 ± 0.47

6.92 ± 0.43

0.99

 At 3-years

6.96 ± 0.44

6.02 ± 0.38

5.26 ± 0.29 ^a

0.0006

 At 5-years

7.28 ± 0.49

6.02 ± 0.38 ^b

5.06 ± 0.29 ^a,c

< 0.0001

HOMA-IR:

 At 1-year

1.37 ± 0.09

1.35 ± 0.09

1.38 ± 0.08

0.95

 At 3-years

1.34 ± 0.09

1.59 ± 0.10

1.75 ± 0.10 ^a

0.002

 At 5-years

1.21 ± 0.08

1.44 ± 0.09

1.81 ± 0.10 ^a,c

< 0.0001

Fasting glucose (mmol/l):

 At 1-year

4.70 ± 0.06

4.78 ± 0.06

4.83 ± 0.05

0.18

 At 3-years

4.64 ± 0.06

4.73 ± 0.06

4.84 ± 0.05 ^a

0.01

 At 5-years

4.63 ± 0.07

4.74 ± 0.07

4.82 ± 0.06

0.07

CRP (mg/L):

 At 1-year

1.01 ± 0.14

1.10 ± 0.15

1.21 ± 0.15

0.55

 At 3-years

0.82 ± 0.11

1.01 ± 0.14

1.27 ± 0.15 ^a

0.02

 At 5-years

0.77 ± 0.12

1.04 ± 0.16

1.34 ± 0.18 ^a

0.01