Table 2 Cardiovascular risk factor profiles of the weight change groups at 3-years and 5-years postpartum

Time since delivery (months)

33 (26–38)

34 (27–40)

32 (25–41)

0.74

Total physical activity

8.6 ± 1.0

8.6 ± 0.9

8.5 ± 1.0

0.65

 Sport index

3.0 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.5

2.9 ± 0.5

0.22

 Leisure time index

3.0 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.5

3.0 ± 0.6

0.90

 Work index

2.6 ± 0.5

2.6 ± 0.6

2.7 ± 0.5

0.52

BMI (kg/m²)

25.8 ± 5.4

24.7 ± 4.5

26.9 ± 5.0

0.005

Waist circumference (cm)

88.1 ± 13.0

86.0 ± 11.7

89.8 ± 1.7

0.06

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

108.3 ± 11.3

111.1 ± 13.4

109.6 ± 12.5

0.26

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

65.1 ± 9.1

66.7 ± 9.9

66.9 ± 10.1

0.36

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.4 ± 0.9

4.6 ± 0.7

4.6 ± 0.8

0.18

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.5 ± 0.8

2.6 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.7

0.60

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.6 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.3

0.03

Triglycerides (mmol/)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

1.0 (0.7–1.3)

0.03

apoB (g/L)

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.31

apoB:apoA1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.1

0.24

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.6 ± 0.5

4.7 ± 0.5

4.8 ± 0.5

0.03

2-hour glucose (mmol/L)

6.4 ± 1.6

6.3 ± 1.9

6.6 ± 2.0

0.39

HOMA-IR

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

1.3 (0.8–1.8)

1.5 (1.0-2.3)

0.02

Matsuda index

8.4 (4.8–12.2)

8.4 (5.5–11.2)

6.4 (3.8–10.0)

0.004

CRP (mg/L)

1.0 (0.4–2.1)

1.0 (0.4-2.0)

1.2 (0.5–3.4)

0.09

Adiponectin (ug/ml)

9.9 ± 4.4

10.4 ± 4.5

8.9 ± 4.2

0.04

At 5-years Postpartum

Time since delivery (months)

55 (49–67)

56 (51–65)

57 (51–71)

0.28

Total physical activity

8.5 ± 0.9

8.5 ± 1.0

8.4 ± 1.1

0.66

 Sport index

2.9 ± 0.5

2.9 ± 0.5

2.9 ± 0.6

0.91

 Leisure time index

3.0 ± 0.5

3.0 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.6

0.83

 Work index

2.6 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.5

2.5 ± 0.5

0.39

BMI (kg/m²)

25.2 ± 5.3

24.8 ± 4.1

27.7 ± 5.0

< 0.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

86.3 ± 12.1

86.4 ± 10.4

91.7 ± 13.2

0.0008

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

108.6 ± 14.7

110.4 ± 12.7

110.6 ± 12.8

0.49

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

65.9 ± 10.3

65.9 ± 9.4

67.0 ± 9.5

0.60

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.4 ± 0.9

4.6 ± 0.7

4.6 ± 0.7

0.04

LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

2.4 ± 0.8

2.4 ± 0.7

2.6 ± 0.6

0.12

HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.6 ± 0.4

1.7 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.4

0.009

Triglycerides (mmol/)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

1.0 ( 0.8–1.4)

1.1 (0.8–1.5)

0.003

apoB (g/L)

0.77 ± 0.21

0.80 ± 0.20

0.84 ± 0.17

0.03

apoB:apoA1

0.5 ± 0.2

0.5 ± 0.2

0.6 ± 0.1

0.07

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

4.6 ± 0.5

4.7 ± 0.5

4.8 ± 0.6

0.03

2-hour glucose (mmol/L)

6.4 ± 1.9

6.7 ± 2.1

7.1 ± 2.3

0.04

HOMA-IR

1.2 (0.8-2.0)

1.2 (0.9–1.9)

1.6 (1.2–2.4)

0.0002

Matsuda index

8.3 (4.9–12.2)

7.6 (5.1–10.5)

5.9 (3.6–9.4)

0.0004

CRP (mg/L)

1.0 (0.4–2.6)

1.0 (0.4–2.1)

1.4 (0.5–3.8)

0.12

Adiponectin (ug/ml)

11.9 ± 5.4

12.0 ± 5.4

10.1 ± 5.4

0.01