Fig. 2

Irisin improves cardiac function and ameliorates cardiac remodeling in type 1 diabetic mice. The mice were treated with STZ for 5 days to induce diabetic cardiomyopathy; similarly managed mice injected vehicle without STZ served as controls. Then the control and diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with irisin (10 μg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle for 4 consecutive weeks. A Representative M-mode echocardiography (A1) from a mouse in each of the four groups of mice. Quantification of LVEF% (A2), LVFS% (A3), LVIDd (A4), and LVIDs (A5) in the indicated groups (n = 8 per group). B The histopathological changes of myocardial tissues using H&E staining from a mouse in each of the four groups of mice (Scale bar = 50 μm; n = 6 per group). C. Representative Masson staining (C1) and quantification (C2) of the fibrotic area from a mouse in each of the four groups of mice (Scale bar = 50 μm; n = 6 per group). The serum levels of inflammation-associated biomarkers, such as TNF-α (D), IL-1β (E), and IL-6 (F) were shown (n = 8 per group). Data are presented as the mean ± SD.One-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01. STZ streptozotocin, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVFS left ventricular fractional shortening, LVIDd left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole, and LVIDs left ventricular internal diameter at end-systolic, H&E hematoxylin and eosin, TNF- α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β interleukin-1β, and IL-6 interleukin-6