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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of study population by serum total bilirubin quartiles in women before and after propensity score matching

From: Sex differences in the relationship between serum total bilirubin and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling adults: Propensity score analysis using longitudinal cohort data over 16 years

 

Total bilirubin quartiles in women (Before matching)

Total bilirubin quartiles in women (After matching)

 

Q1 (≤ 0.38)

Q2 (0.39–0.49)

Q3 (0.50–0.65)

Q4 (≥ 0.66)

P-value

Q1 (≤ 0.38)

Q2 (0.39–0.49)

Q3 (0.50–0.65)

Q4 (≥ 0.66)

P-value

n

544

510

532

510

 

326

326

326

326

 

Age (years)

52.5 (8.8)

51.5 (8.5)

49.8 (8.3)

48.9 (8.1)

< 0.001

49.2 (7.4)

49.5 (8.1)

49.3 (7.6)

49.2 (8.0)

0.957

Waist circumference (cm)

79.7 (8.7)

78.5 (8.6)

77.6 (8.8)

76.9 (8.2)

< 0.001

77.7 (7.7)

77.3 (7.9)

77.5 (8.0)

77.7 (7.9)

0.912

Systolic BP (mmHg)

116.8 (16.7)

115.3 (16.5)

114.5 (17.0)

110.9 (14.8)

< 0.001

112.7 (14.2)

114.2 (15.4)

114.5 (16.9)

112.0 (13.8)

0.1

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

76.0 (10.0)

75.9 (10.4)

75.7 (10.9)

74.0 (9.7)

0.005

74.9 (9.4)

76.0 (9.9)

76.0 (11.2)

74.6 (9.3)

0.129

Mean arterial BP (mmHg)

89.6 (11.6)

89.0 (11.9)

88.6 (12.5)

86.3 (10.9)

< 0.001

87.5 (10.5)

88.7 (11.3)

88.8 (12.7)

87.1 (10.3)

0.104

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

81.3 (8.5)

81.6 (12.6)

81.2 (11.6)

81.0 (13.2)

0.862

81.3 (9.3)

81.5 (9.8)

81.3 (13.3)

81.1 (13.2)

0.98

Postprandial plasma glucose (mg/dL)

114.5 (30.1)

117.3 (35.8)

120.3 (32.0)

120.4 (36.2)

0.010

113.3 (30.0)

116.0 (33.2)

119.8 (30.7)

121.9 (38.3)

0.005

HbA1c

5.60 (0.55)

5.58 (0.62)

5.49 (0.49)

5.45 (0.62)

< 0.001

5.6 (0.5)

5.5 (0.4)

5.5 (0.5)

5.5 (0.6)

0.027

HOMA-IR

1.48 (1.14–2.06)

1.41 (1.04–1.86)

1.35 (1.01–1.72)

1.27 (0.87–1.74)

< 0.001

1.5 (1.1–2.1)

1.4 (1.0-1.9)

1.4 (1.0-1.7)

1.2 (0.9–1.7)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

185.9 (32.0)

188.7 (33.6)

189.6 (35.1)

189.0 (34.6)

0.304

182.4 (32.5)

187.8 (34.5)

189.0 (34.0)

189.8 (36.5)

0.028

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

111 (90–140)

109 (86–135)

104 (85–131)

102 (83–128)

0.001

106.0 (87–130)

109.0 (84–134)

103.0 (88–128)

104.0 (86–131)

0.443

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

48.9 (10.1)

49.3 (9.9)

49.9 (9.9)

49.0 (10.2)

0.412

48.9 (10.0)

49.5 (9.7)

49.4 (9.9)

48.3 (9.7)

0.348

AST (U/L)

24 (21–28)

25 (21–28)

24 (21–28)

24 (21–30)

0.449

23.0 (21–27)

24.0 (21–28)

24.0 (22–28)

24.0 (22–30)

< 0.001

ALT (U/L)

19 (16–24)

19 (16–24)

18 (15–24)

19 (15–24)

0.457

18.0 (15–24)

18.5 (15–22)

18.0 (16–22)

19.0 (16–24)

0.212

Current smoker (%) a

5.71

3.8

2.5

1.8

< 0.001

6.3

3.1

2.8

0.9

0.02

Regular drinker (%) b

27.9

26.9

34.5

31.4

0.022

32.3

28.5

33.3

30.2

0.463

Regular exercise (%) c

21.5

23.2

24.2

28.0

0.071

22.3

24.2

25.7

28.6

0.3

Family history of diabetes (%)

10.3

12.9

14.5

14.5

0.094

11.3

14.4

16.0

12.9

0.242

  1. Data are expressed as the mean (SD), median (IQR) or percentage
  2. Propensity score matched for age (years), fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL), systolic BP (mmHg), diastolic BP (mmHg), waist circumference (cm), triglyceride (mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
  3. Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HDL, high density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase
  4. P-values were calculated with the use of ANOVA-test or chi-square test
  5. aAn adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes
  6. bAlcohol intake ≥ once/month
  7. cModerate intensity physical exercise ≥ three times/week
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840