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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population by serum total bilirubin quartiles in men before and after propensity score matching

From: Sex differences in the relationship between serum total bilirubin and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling adults: Propensity score analysis using longitudinal cohort data over 16 years

 

Total bilirubin quartiles in men (Before matching)

Total bilirubin quartiles in men (After matching)

 

Q1 (≤ 0.46)

Q2 (0.47–0.62)

Q3 (0.62–0.82)

Q4 (≥ 0.83)

P-value

Q1 (≤ 0.46)

Q2 (0.47–0.62)

Q3 (0.62–0.82)

Q4 (≥ 0.83)

P-value

n

796

781

754

758

 

422

422

422

422

 

Age (years)

54.0 (9.0)

51.7 (8.9)

50.8 (8.4)

49.6 (8.5)

< 0.001

49.5 (7.6)

49.8 (8.2)

49.0 (7.2)

49.6 (8.1)

0.517

Waist circumference (cm)

81.2 (6.8)

81.5 (6.8)

81.7 (6.4)

81.6 (6.8)

0.550

82.2 (6.6)

81.7 (6.7)

81.7 (6.3)

81.1 (6.9)

0.144

Systolic BP (mmHg)

119.5 (16.0)

118.8 (16.0)

117.8 (15.4)

118.7 (16.6)

0.169

117.5 (14.5)

118.4 (15.8)

116.3 (14.7)

117.9 (16.6)

0.232

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

79.6 (10.4)

79.6 (10.4)

79.3 (10.1)

80.4 (10.9)

0.244

79.7 (10.0)

79.9 (11.1)

79.0 (10.1)

79.7 (10.8)

0.625

Mean arterial BP (mmHg)

92.9 (11.2)

92.7 (11.6)

92.1 (11.4)

93.2 (12.2)

0.368

92.3 (10.9)

92.7 (12.1)

91.4 (11.1)

92.4 (12.1)

0.403

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

82.7 (10.5)

87.1 (17.9)

87.3 (17.8)

87.6 (17.7)

< 0.001

85.0 (9.3)

85.7 (9.9)

85.8 (9.5)

84.7 (9.4)

0.298

Postprandial plasma glucose (mg/dL)

106.8 (35.8)

113.9 (47.0)

116.9 (46.4)

115.8 (41.1)

< 0.001

105.9 (33.4)

112.6 (41.3)

113.8 (40.0)

112.6 (34.6)

0.009

HbA1c

5.67 (0.58)

5.73 (0.81)

5.64 (0.67)

5.56 (0.69)

< 0.001

5.6 (0.4)

5.6 (0.5)

5.5 (0.4)

5.5 (0.4)

< 0.001

HOMA-IR

1.26 (0.95–1.77)

1.32 (0.97–1.82)

1.30 (0.99–1.78)

1.20 (0.88–1.65)

0.001

1.4 (1.1–1.9)

1.4 (1.0-1.9)

1.3 (1.0-1.7)

1.2 (0.9–1.6)

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

182.3 (32.1)

192.1 (35.4)

191.2 (35.1)

193.5 (34.9)

< 0.001

187.7 (33.3)

192.1 (33.6)

192.2 (34.7)

192.2 (33.8)

0.145

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

127 (98–174)

130 (102–180)

134 (101–176)

123 (93–166)

0.002

129.5 (98–174)

128.5 (102–180)

134 (102–185)

123 (95–169)

0.108

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

44.7 (9.8)

45.1 (9.6)

45.2 (9.8)

47.3 (10.1)

< 0.001

45.7 (10.0)

45.4 (10.0)

44.8 (9.4)

46.4 (9.9)

0.105

AST (U/L)

28 (24–33)

27 (24–33)

28 (24–33)

29 (24–35)

< 0.001

28 (25–34)

27.5 (24–33)

28 (24–33)

29 (24–36)

0.028

ALT (U/L)

25 (19–33)

26 (20–33)

25 (20–34)

27 (20–35)

0.145

27 (20–37)

26 (20–35)

25 (20–33)

27 (20–36)

0.186

Current smoker (%) a

65.3

53.2

45.7

37.4

< 0.001

64.4

54.4

46.9

35.6

0.011

Regular drinker (%) b

67.0

69.9

72.6

77.5

< 0.001

73.4

72.1

73.5

76.3

0.272

Regular exercise (%) c

30.6

28.8

29.4

23.9

0.013

28.1

31.1

31.2

24.1

0.367

Family history of diabetes (%)

7.4

10.0

10.9

12.4

0.007

9.5

9.7

11.6

11.8

0.907

  1. Data are expressed as the mean (SD), median (IQR) or percentage
  2. Propensity score matched for age (years), fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL), systolic BP (mmHg), diastolic BP (mmHg), waist circumference (cm), triglyceride (mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
  3. Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HDL, high density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase
  4. P-values were calculated with the use of ANOVA-test or chi-square test
  5. aAn adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes
  6. bAlcohol intake ≥ once/month
  7. cModerate intensity physical exercise ≥ three times/week
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840