Cardiovascular Diabetology

Table 4 Univariate and multivariate analysis between the magnitude of LV peak systolic or diastolic strain rate and clinical indices in T2DM patients

From: The worsening effect of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on left ventricular function and deformation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a 3.0 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking study

	PSSR-longitudinal				PSSR-circumferential				PSSR-radial
	Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable
	B	p	B^a	p	B	p	B^a	p	B	p	B^a	p
AF	0.028	0.402	0.069	0.071	0.06	0.124	0.101	0.014	− 0.352	0.003	− 0.345	0.002
Age (years)	0.001	0.39	− 0.033	0.650	0.002	0.248	− 0.022	0.753	− 0.007	0.143	0.021	0.755
Sex (male = 1)	0.007	0.771	− 0.019	0.774	0.001	0.732	− 0.050	0.435	0.008	0.539	− 0.068	0.336
BMI (kg/m²⁾	0.001	0.752			0.001	0.732			0.008	0.539
HR (beats/min)	− 0.005	< 0.001	− 0.005	< 0.001	− 0.008	< 0.001	− 0.009	< 0.001	0.024	< 0.001	0.013	0.001
SBP (per 10 mmHg)	0.001	0.304			0.001	0.439			− 0.006	0.016	− 0.063	0.011
FBP (mmol/L)	− 0.002	0.637			− 0.003	0.413			0.005	0.671
HbA1c (%)	0.004	0.584			0.001	0.874			− 0.011	0.662
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	− 0.006	0.57			− 0.016	0.174			0.039	0.260
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.001	0.918			0.012	0.363			− 0.024	0.555
HDL (mmol/L)	0.015	0.643			0.071	0.065	0.081	0.207	− 0.264	0.023	− 0.253	0.021
LDL (mmol/L)	0.005	0.759			0.017	0.344			0.006	0.120
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	− 0.001	0.224			− 0.028	0.955			0.001	0.625
Smoking	− 0.021	0.473			− 0.033	0.334			− 0.057	0.582
diabetic duration (years)	0.002	0.472			< 0.001	0.961			< 0.001	0.978

	PDSR-longitudinal				PDSR-circumferential				PDSR-radial
	Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable		Univariable		Multivariable
	B	p	B^a	p	B	p	B^a	p	B	p	B^a	p
AF	− 0.073	0.086	− 0.062	0.419	− 0.163	0.001	− 0.14	0.003	0.43	0.002	0.359	0.022
Age (years)	− 0.001	0.374	0.004	0.032	− 0.004	0.06	0.037	0.609	0.007	0.173	− 0.054	0.487
Sex (male = 1)	− 0.037	0.249	− 0.092	0.193	− 0.038	0.315	− 0.071	0.311	0.218	0.043	0.261	0.024
BMI (kg/m²⁾	0.001	0.775			− 0.009	0.106			0.002	0.157
HR (beats/min)	0.006	< 0.001	0.005	0.001	0.007	< 0.001	0.006	< 0.001	− 0.006	0.193	− 0.023	0.748
SBP (per 10 mmHg)	− 0.001	0.311			− 0.001	0.553			0.005	0.11	0.068	0.039
FBP (mmol/L)	0.002	0.65			0.004	0.394			0.005	0.739
HbA1c (%)	− 0.001	0.898			0.002	0.847			0.002	0.939
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	− 0.022	0.085	− 0.115	0.103	− 0.014	0.333			0.009	0.824
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.016	0.298			0.028	0.108			− 0.093	0.064	0.115	0.436
HDL (mmol/L)	0.046	0.275			0.107	0.031	0.092	0.048	− 0.121	0.394
LDL (mmol/L)	0.033	0.094	0.101	0.162	0.038	0.096	0.039	0.579	− 0.159	0.015	− 0.155	0.029
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	0.002	0.006	0.003	0.001	0.001	0.141			− 0.006	0.018	− 0.042	0.595
Smoking	− 0.005	0.892			0.015	0.742			0.217	0.082	− 0.017	0.835
Diabetic duration (years)	0.004	0.094	0.106	0.144	0.004	0.249			− 0.012	0.189

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LV, left ventricular; PSSR, peak systolic strain rate; PDSR, peak diastolic strain rate
^aVariables with P < 0.1 in the univariable analysis as well as AF, age and sex were included in the multivariable analysis

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