The worsening effect of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation on left ventricular function and deformation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a 3.0 T cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking study

Table 2 CMR findings between controls, T2DM(AF−) group and T2DM(AF+) group

	Controls	T2DM(AF−)	T2DM(AF+)	P value
LV geometry and function
LVEDVI (ml/m²)	72.60 ± 11.67	74.05 ± 15.04	77.18 ± 19.71	0.787
LVESVI (ml/m²)	26.01 ± 6.60	26.75 ± 8.62	31.50 ± 11.10*^†	0.014
LVSVI (ml/m²)	46.59 ± 8.27	47.31 ± 9.89	45.68 ± 11.75	0.674
LVCI (L/min/m²)	3.32 ± 0.81	3.49 ± 0.79	3.15 ± 1.27	0.28
LVEF (%)	64.31 ± 6.16	64.26 ± 7.26	59.03 ± 7.13*^†	< 0.001
LVMI (g/m²)	41.46 ± 8.56	48.40 ± 12.40*	49.29 ± 14.91*	< 0.001
LV remodeling index (g/mL)	0.58 ± 0.12	0.67 ± 0.18*	0.67 ± 0.21*	0.001
Myocardial strain
PS, %
Radial	36.55 ± 7.25	33.29 ± 8.52*	26.66 ± 9.31*^†	< 0.001
Circumferential	− 20.84 ± 2.61	− 19.94 ± 2.75	− 16.46 ± 4.50*^†	< 0.001
Longitudinal	− 14.87 ± 2.44	− 12.91 ± 2.94*	− 10.14 ± 3.60*^†	< 0.001
PSSR, 1/s
Radial	2.02 (1.65, 2.32)	1.75 (1.52, 2.31)	1.43 (1.16, 1.92)*^†	< 0.001
Circumferential	− 1.06 (− 1.20, − 0.89)	− 1.00 (− 1.15, − 0.90)	− 0.99 (− 1.12, − 0.70)	0.366
Longitudinal	− 0.78 (− 0.88, − 0.70)	− 0.73 (− 0.86, − 0.63)*	− 0.69 (− 0.86, − 0.57)*	0.008
PDSR, 1/s
Radial	− 2.29 (− 3.02, − 1.88)	− 2.04 (− 2.62, − 1.72)*	− 1.77 (− 2.17, − 1.28)*^†	< 0.001
Circumferential	1.23 ± 0.29	1.14 ± 0.24	1.07 ± 0.73*^†	< 0.001
Longitudinal	0.87 (0.71, 1.02)	0.78 (0.66, 0.92)*	0.67 (0.51, 0.98)*	0.001

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; AF, atrial fibrillation; LV, left ventricular; M, mass; EDV, end diastolic volume; ESV, end systolic volume; SV, stroke volume; I, indexed to BSA; EF, ejection fraction; PS, peak strain; PSSR, peak systolic strain rate; PDSR, peak diastolic strain rate
^*p < 0.05 versus controls
^†p < 0.05 versus T2DM(AF−) group

ISSN: 1475-2840