Fig. 3

Effect of stroke and Empagliflozin treatment on serum FGF-21 and BHB concentrations. Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) (a) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) (c) levels before stroke and at 2 and 5 weeks after stroke in non-diabetic controls (non-T2D) and type-2 diabetic mice (T2D). Serum FGF-21 (b) and BHB (d) levels of T2D mice treated with VH (T2D-VH) and diabetic mice treated daily with 10 mg/kg Empagliflozin (T2D-E) at 2 and 5 weeks after stroke. The grey area indicates the range of pre-stroke levels of Fgf-21 (b) and BHB (d) in T2D mice. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated using two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Benjamini, Krieger and Yekutieli multiple comparisons test. Results were considered significant if p < 0.05. ^§denotes a significant difference between T2D-VH and T2D-E, ^*denotes a significant difference between non-T2D and T2D, ^#denotes a significant difference compared to pre-stroke in the same group. *denotes p < 0.05, **, ^§§ and ^##denote p < 0.01. Sample size: n = 5–10 per group. At the pre-stroke and intermediate post-stroke timepoint, each data point represents results from serum pooled from 2–3 animals