Table 1 Demographic and medical history baseline characteristics
Variables | Surviving participants (n = 671) | Dead participants (n = 455) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age.years | 64.36 (11.38) | 72.48 (9.63) |  < 0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | 0.031 |
 Male | 380 (56.63%) | 287 (63.08%) |  |
 Female | 291 (43.37%) | 168 (36.92%) |  |
Race |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 75 (11.18%) | 31 (6.81%) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 66 (9.84%) | 21 (4.62%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 331 (49.33%) | 308 (67.69%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 145 (21.61%) | 78 (17.14%) |  |
 Other Race | 54 (8.05%) | 17 (3.74%) |  |
Marriage |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Having a partner | 416 (62.00%) | 228 (50.11%) |  |
 Without partner | 255 (38.00%) | 227 (49.89%) |  |
Education | Â | Â | 0.034 |
 High school and below | 224 (33.38%) | 180 (39.56%) |  |
 Above high school | 447 (66.62%) | 275 (60.44%) |  |
 PIR | 2.32 (1.58) | 2.13 (1.41) | 0.047 |
 BMI | 30.71 (6.39) | 29.19 (6.49) |  < 0.001 |
 Hip circumference.cm | 34.16 (4.90) | 32.56 (5.28) |  < 0.001 |
 Waist circumference.cm | 106.32 (14.67) | 104.56 (15.65) | 0.062 |
Diabetics |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 609 (90.76%) | 441 (96.92%) |  |
 No | 62 (9.24%) | 14 (3.08%) |  |
Cancer patients |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 119 (17.73%) | 126 (27.69%) |  |
 No | 552 (82.27%) | 329 (72.31%) |  |
Heart failure patients |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 163 (24.62%) | 160 (35.71%) |  |
 No | 499 (75.38%) | 288 (64.29%) |  |
Stroke patients | Â | Â | 0.016 |
 Yes | 104 (15.50%) | 96 (21.10%) |  |
 No | 567 (84.50%) | 359 (78.90%) |  |
COPD patients | Â | Â | 0.481 |
 Yes | 58 (8.64%) | 34 (7.47%) |  |
 No | 613 (91.36%) | 421 (92.53%) |  |
Hypoglycemic drugs or insulin Users | Â | 0.012 | |
 Yes | 548 (81.67%) | 397 (87.25%) |  |
 No | 123 (18.33%) | 58 (12.75%) |  |
Lipid-lowering drug users | Â | Â | 0.574 |
 Yes | 624 (93.00%) | 427 (93.85%) |  |
 No | 47 (7.00%) | 28 (6.15%) |  |
Tobacco users | Â | Â | 0.023 |
 Yes | 399 (59.46%) | 301 (66.15%) |  |
 No | 272 (40.54%) | 154 (33.85%) |  |