Fatty liver index is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events in type 1 diabetes: an 11-year observational study

Table 2 Logistic regression analyses: association between FLI categories and the risk of prevalent microvascular complications

	Odds ratio	95% CI	p
Diabetic kidney disease
FLI ≥ 60 category
Unadjusted model	5.70	3.24–10.02	< 0.0001
Adjusted Model 1	4.47	2.49–8.01	< 0.0001
Adjusted Model 2	2.47	1.28–4.77	0.007
Adjusted Model 3	2.92	1.19–7.19	0.020
Adjusted Model 4	2.77	1.10–6.96	0.030
Other independent predictors in adjusted Model 4
HbA1c	1.45	1.09–1.91	0.010
Hypertension	5.02	1.42–17.76	0.012
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy	2.34	1.19–4.61	0.014
Any diabetic retinopathy	2.44	1.24–4.79	0.010
Any retinopathy
FLI ≥ 60 category
Unadjusted model	2.52	1.60–3.98	< 0.0001
Adjusted Model 1	1.92	1.17–3.16	0.010
Adjusted Model 2	Not selected as independent covariate
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy
FLI ≥ 60 category
Unadjusted model	3.23	1.66–6.93	0.001
Adjusted Model 1	Not selected as independent covariate

Other covariates included in the multivariate logistic regression models, along with FLI categories, were as follows: Model 1: age and sex; Model 2: age, sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c, smoking habits, hypertension, treatment with lipid-lowering agents, prior cardiovascular events; Model 3: as Model 2 plus eGDR; Model 4: as Model 3 plus other microvascular complications. For diabetic kidney disease, p values associated with FLI 30–59 category were not ever significant in all models. For any retinopathy and for peripheral polyneuropathy, in unadjusted models, p values for the FLI 30–59 category were < 0.0001 and < 0.001, respectively, and not significant in adjusted Model 1

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