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Table 3 Stratified multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for risk of CADacomparing intensive lifestyle intervention to diabetes support and education control group by haptoglobin phenotype group

From: Intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes and risk of incident coronary artery disease for the common haptoglobin phenotypes: the Look AHEAD study

 

DSE (Reference)

ILI

Hazard Ratios (HRs)

 

# Events/n

Person-years

# Events/n

Person-years

uHR (95% CI)

P-value

aHRb (95% CI)

P-value

P-interaction†

Non-Hp2-2 Phenotype

By race

        

0.32

 White (n = 1833)

146/914

8138.26

129/919

8321.71

0.86 (0.68–1.09)

0.22

0.89 (0.69–1.13)

0.33

 

 Black (n = 583)

23/301

2799.44

35/282

2564.85

1.67 (0.98–2.82)

0.06

2.16 (1.20–3.90)

0.01

 

 Hispanic (n = 431)

23/214

1961.51

11/217

2052.12

0.45 (0.22–0.93)

0.03

0.37 (0.16–0.87)

0.02

 

By sex

        

0.64

 Male (n = 1,179)

129/600

5141.98

103/579

5090.72

0.81 (0.62–1.04)

0.10

0.89 (0.68–1.16)

0.39

 

 Female (n = 1,773)

69/878

8196.35

77/895

8342.29

1.10 (0.79–1.52)

0.58

1.02 (0.73–1.43)

0.90

 

By baseline CVD history

        

0.76

 No (n = 2,544)

118/1273

11,776.89

107/1271

11,892.03

0.90 (0.69–1.17)

0.42

0.94 (0.72–1.22)

0.63

 

 Yes (n = 408)

80/205

1561.44

73/203

1540.99

0.93 (0.68–1.28)

0.65

0.89 (0.63–1.26)

0.52

 

By baseline diabetes medication use

        

0.80

 No (n = 381)

17/196

1823.72

17/185

1746.97

1.03 (0.53–2.03)

0.92

1.69 (0.72–3.97)

0.23

 

 Yes (n = 2,544)

181/1269

11,388.93

162/1275

11,559.70

0.88 (0.71–1.09)

0.25

0.95 (0.77–1.18)

0.66

 

By diabetes duration

        

0.40

 ≤ 10 years (n = 2356)

145/1195

10,896.10

128/1161

10,682.20

0.90 (0.71–1.14)

0.38

1.03 (0.80–1.31)

0.84

 

  > 10 years (n = 596)

53/283

2442.24

52/313

2750.82

0.87 (0.60–1.28)

0.49

0.71 (0.47–1.09)

0.12

 

Hp2-2 Phenotype

By race

        

0.97

 White (n = 1197)

79/584

5313.27

92/613

5453.89

1.14 (0.84–1.54)

0.40

0.95 (0.69–1.31)

0.75

 

 Black (n = 167)

10/73

651.95

8/94

855.53

0.61 (0.24–1.54)

0.29

0.76 (0.17–3.38)

0.72

 

 Hispanic (n = 165)

10/81

727.21

6/84

794.97

0.55 (0.20–1.53)

0.25

0.60 (0.16–2.26)

0.45

 

By sex

        

0.53

 Male (n = 684)

64/319

2778.16

69/365

3135.29

0.95 (0.68–1.33)

0.77

0.86 (0.59–1.24)

0.41

 

 Female (n = 906)

42/448

4162.30

43/458

4238.55

1.01 (0.66–1.54)

0.97

1.04 (0.66–1.64)

0.87

 

By baseline CVD history

        

0.15

 No (n = 1377)

78/678

6237.99

61/699

6476.38

0.75 (0.54–1.05)

0.10

0.78 (0.55–1.10)

0.16

 

 Yes (n = 213)

28/89

702.48

51/124

915.47

1.39 (0.88–2.21)

0.16

1.18 (0.67–2.05)

0.57

 

By baseline diabetes medication use

        

0.56

 No (n = 219)

6/106

996.56

10/113

1041.41

1.60 (0.58–4.42)

0.36

1.86 (0.55–6.27)

0.32

 

 Yes (n = 1357)

99/651

5853.58

101/706

6317.47

0.95 (0.72–1.25)

0.70

0.87 (0.65–1.17)

0.35

 

By diabetes duration

        

0.59

  ≤ 10 years (n = 1258)

76/615

5623.09

74/643

5847.15

0.94 (0.68–1.29)

0.69

0.84 (0.60–1.17)

0.30

 

  > 10 years (n = 332)

30/152

1317.37

38/180

1544.70

1.09 (0.67–1.75)

0.74

1.09 (0.61–1.94)

0.77

 
  1. CAD coronary artery disease, CI confidence interval, CVD cardiovascular disease, DSE diabetes support and education, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Hp haptoglobin, aHR adjusted hazard ratio, uHR unadjusted hazard ratio, ILI intensive lifestyle intervention
  2. aThe CAD event outcome is a composite of fatal and non-fatal MI, hospitalization for angina, and possible fatal CAD
  3. bModels were adjusted for age, sex, race, study site, prior history of CVD, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, income, education, antidepressant medication use, any diabetes medication use, any anti-hypertensive medication use and any lipid medication use, except for when stratified by one of these variables. P-value threshold of < 0.002 (0.05 divided by 24) was used
  4. † P-value for the interaction between intervention and race, sex, history of CVD at baseline, diabetes medication use at baseline, or diabetes duration among each phenotype group for the adjusted model
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840