Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease biomarkers estimate cardiovascular risk based on coronary artery calcium score in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study with two independent cohorts

Table 4 Multivariate linear regression analysis: variables independently associated with CACS

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Variables	β coefficient [95% CI]	P-value	β coefficient [95% CI]	P-value	β coefficient [95% CI]	P-value
DIACART (n = 157)
Age	36 [9.3 to 63]	0.009	N.A	N.A	34 [6.3 to 62]	0.017
FibroTest® score	941 [101 to 1780]	0.028	1424 [662 to 2186]	0.0003	1016 [167 to 1866]	0.019
Total cholesterol (log)	− 1884 [− 3648 to − 119]	0.037	N.A	N.A	− 2092 [− 3897 to − 287]	0.024
Smoking (active)	− 413 [− 896 to 69]	0.093	N.A	N.A	− 387 [− 872 to 98]	0.12
ACCoDiab (n = 460)
Age	23.4 [15.5 to 31.3]	< 0.0001	N.A	N.A	24.4 [16.3 to 32.4]	< 0.0001
Sex (female)	− 160 [− 279 to − 42]	0.008	N.A	N.A	− 176 [− 296 to − 55]	0.005
FibroTest® F3-F4 stage	234 [43 to 426]	0.016	395 [206—585]	< 0.0001	235 [44 to 427]	0.016
Age at diabetes diagnosis	− 7.7 [− 14.3 to − 1.2]	0.021	N.A	N.A	− 7.5 [− 14.0 to − 0.9]	0.026

The multivariate model 1 includes FibroTest® and the cardiovascular risk factors included in the SCORE2-Diabetes model [i.e., age, sex (female), age at diabetes diagnosis, smoking (active), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (log), HbA1c (log), and estimated glomerular filtration rate]. The model 2 includes FibroTest® plus anthropometric characteristics (BMI and waist circumference in the DIACART cohort, and BMI alone in patients from the ACCoDiab cohort, where waist circumference was not measured). The model 3 incorporates all variables from the two preceding models. Only explanatory variables with a p-value lower than 0.1 after multivariate analysis are reported in the Table. CI confidence intervals, N.A. not applicable

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