Table 1 Patient characteristics

General characteristics

 Age, y

66.5 ± 8.4

60.1 ± 9.3

 < 0.0001

 Sex, % female (n)

22.3 (35)

45.2 (208)

 < 0.0001

 Diabetes duration, y

16.4 ± 9.5

14.0 ± 9.3

0.009

 Smoking (active or past), % (n)

66 (103)

43 (197)

 < 0.0001

 Retinopathy, % (n)

23 (36)

27 (112)

0.32

 BMI, kg/m²

28.7 [25.3–32.4]

28.4 [25.3–31.6]

0.68

 Waist circumference (cm)

103 ± 14

N.P

N.A

 SBP, mmHg

135 ± 17

130 ± 13

 < 0.0001

 DBP, mmHg

77 ± 10

75 ± 12

0.051

 Insulin use, % (n)

50 (78)

43 (198)

0.16

 Metformin use, % (n)

78 (122)

84 (387)

0.14

 Sulfonylurea use, % (n)

45 (71)

48 (219)

0.73

 GLP-1 agonist use, % (n)

7 (11)

13 (61)

0.03

 Statin use, % (n)

89 (139)

59 (271)

 < 0.0001

 Ezetimibe use, % (n)

15 (23)

4 (19)

0.0004

 Antiplatelet use, % (n)

82 (128)

21 (96)

 < 0.0001

 ARB or ACE inhibitors use, % (n)

78 (123)

60 (278)

 < 0.0001

 Beta-blocker use, % (n)

63 (99)

10 (48)

 < 0.0001

Routine biological characteristics

 Fasting glycemia, mmol/L

9.06 ± 3.18

8.27 ± 2.72

0.003

 HbA1c, %

7.65 [6.90–8.30]

7.50 [6.80–8.30]

0.28

 eGFR, mL/min/1.73m²

73 ± 19

88 ± 26

 < 0.0001

 Albuminuria, mg/g creat

2.3 [0.9–11.7]

1.6 [0.7–4.8]

0.007

 TyG index

9.2 ± 0.7

9.1 ± 0.7

0.04

 Triglyceridemia, mmol/L

1.66 [1.13–2.41]

1.38 [1.01–2.05]

0.004

 Total cholesterolemia, mmol/L

3.92 [3.37–4.41]

4.40 [3.80–5.07]

 < 0.0001

 LDL-cholesterolemia, mmol/L

1.98 [1.60–2.42]

2.38 [1.87–2.92]

 < 0.0001

 HDL-cholesterolemia, mmol/L

1.06 [0.88–1.27]

1.16 [0.96–1.45]

0.001

 AST, IU/L

25 [22–31]

25 [21–30]

0.84

 ALT, IU/L

25 [18–32]

24 [19–33]

0.99

 GGT, IU/L

33 [24–50]

31 [22–49]

0.54

 CRP, mg/L

1.24 [0.66–3.03]

1.74 [0.98–3.48]

0.039

Coronary artery calcification

 CACS

1035 ± 1039

30 [0–211]

 < 0.0001

  0–10, % (n)

9.6 (15)

42.0 (193)

 < 0.0001

  > 10—100, % (n)

8.3 (13)

22.4 (103)

 < 0.0001

  > 100—400, % (n)

20.4 (32)

18.9 (87)

0.75

  > 400, % (n)

61.8 (97)

16.7 (77)

 < 0.0001

FibroMax® panels

 FibroTest® score

0.372 ± 0.212

N.P

N.A

  F0, % (n)

40.8 (64)

64.3 (296)

 < 0.0001

  F1, % (n)

26.8 (42)

20.0 (92)

0.12

  F2, % (n)

14.0 (22)

6.1 (28)

0.012

  F3-F4, % (n)

18.5 (29)

9.5 (44)

0.014

 SteatoTest® score

0.539 ± 0.208

N.P

N.A

  S0, % (n)

25.2 (39)

25.0 (109)

1.00

  S1, % (n)

28.4 (44)

29.1 (127)

0.99

  S2, % (n)

18.7 (29)

19.3 (84)

0.99

  S3, % (n)

27.7 (43)

26.6 (116)

0.95

 NashTest® score

0.50 [0.25–0.50]

N.P

N.A

  N0, % (n)

32.7 (51)

32.5 (141)

0.68

  N1, % (n)

51.9 (81)

50.5 (219)

0.44

  N2, % (n)

15.4 (24)

17.1 (74)

0.96

 ActiTest® score

0.12 [0.08–0.18]

N.P

N.A

  A0, % (n)

90.4 (142)

87.8 (403)

0.41

  A1, % (n)

5.7 (9)

10.5 (48)

0.07

  A2-A3, % (n)

3.8 (6)

1.7 (8)

0.31