Table 2 Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics in participants stratified by plasma angiogenin tertiles

Plasma angiogenin (NPX, IQR)

0.98 (0.77–1.22)

0.69 (0.61–0.77)

0.98 (0.91–1.04)

1.35 (1.22–1.55)

< 0.001

Index age (years)

53.5 ± 10.6

53.7 ± 10.3

53.2 ± 10.6

53.6 ± 10.9

0.842

Male sex (%)

49.6

34.9

52.6

61.2

< 0.001

Ethnicity (%)

0.838

Chinese

49.4

49.3

48.2

50.7

Malay

22.7

21.3

23.5

23.3

Asian Indian

27.9

29.4

28.3

26.0

Diabetes duration (years, IQR)

5 (3–12)

5 (3–10)

5 (3–11)

5 (3–13)

0.278

Active smoker (%)

9.9

5.5

8.6

15.6

< 0.001

ASCVD history (%)

6.2

4.4

4.4

9.7

0.003

Body mass index (kg/m²)

28.3 ± 5.4

28.1 ± 5.4

28.5 ± 5.8

28.2 ± 4.9

0.493

HbA1c (%)

7.7 ± 1.3

7.7 ± 1.2

7.7 ± 1.3

7.8 ± 1.4

0.376

Blood pressure (mmHg)

Systolic

137 ± 17

135 ± 17

138 ± 18

138 ± 17

0.050

Diastolic

80 ± 9

79 ± 9

80 ± 9

80 ± 9

0.011

Mean arterial pressure

99 ± 11

98 ± 11

99 ± 11

100 ± 10

0.008

Lipid profile (mM)

HDL cholesterol

1.29 ± 0.36

1.35 ± 0.34

1.30 ± 0.38

1.22 ± 0.33

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol

2.81 ± 0.82

2.74 ± 0.78

2.86 ± 0.84

2.82 ± 0.84

0.115

Triacylglycerol (IQR)

1.35 (1.02–1.88)

1.26 (0.92–1.72)

1.36 (1.05–1.87)

1.46 (1.08–2.17)

< 0.001

Baseline renal function

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

98 ± 17

103 ± 15

98 ± 17

92 ± 17

< 0.001

Urine ACR (µg/mg, IQR)

15 (5–49)

10 (3–32)

14 (5–40)

26 (8-104)

< 0.001

Hs-CRP(pg/ml, IQR)

2279 (761–8013)

2078 (678–4819)

2323 (735–4977)

2504 (852–5365)

0.209

Medication usage (%)

Aspirin

17.6

11.7

17.2

24.2

< 0.001

Statin

77.9

75.3

78.5

80.0

0.296