Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Age (years)

66 (62, 70)

64 (60, 69)

67 (61, 70)

63 (59, 68)

79 (74, 85)

76 (71, 80)

77 (73, 81)

74 (69, 80)

Male (%)

35 (77.8)

91 (49.7)

68 (66.7)

546 (47.0)

8 (42.1)

73 (50.0)

32 (62.7)

307 (45.7)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

138.5 (130.5, 161.0)

145.0 (132.5, 156.0)

141.0 (128.1, 151.5)

132.5 (120.0, 146.0)

146.0 (132.0, 169.8)

137.8 (124.0, 149.4)

139.5 (126.0, 152.3)

137.0 (124.5, 149.5)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.0 (73.5, 91.0)

82.5 (76.0, 88.5)

80.8 (74.0, 87.5)

79.5 (73.0, 86.5)

75.0 (63.3, 85.8)

73.5 (66.5, 82.0)

73.0 (68.0, 83.3)

76.5 (70.0, 83.0)

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

5.8 (5.3, 6.6)

6.0 (5.3, 6.8)

6.2 (5.7, 6.9)

6.3 (5.6, 7.0)

4.9 (4.4, 5.3)

5.2 (4.5, 5.9)

5.2 (4.3, 6.3)

5.6 (4.9, 6.3)

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.2 (1.0, 1.4)

1.3 (1.1, 1.5)

1.4 (1.1, 1.7)

1.5 (1.3, 1.8)

1.3 (1.1, 1.6)

1.2 (1.1, 1.5)

1.2 (1.0, 1.6)

1.5 (1.2, 1.7)

BMI (kg/m²)

30.6 (28.1, 34.3)

30.2 (27.6, 33.4)

28.4 (26.2, 30.7)

27.6 (25.3, 30.4)

29.4 (25.7, 33.0)

30.6 (27.9, 34.4)

27.3 (25.3, 30.1)

27.6 (25.3, 30.2)

Fasting glucose (mmol/l) ^a

7.5 (6.5, 8.3)

7.0 (6.2, 7.6)

5.5 (5.1, 5.9)

5.4 (5.1, 5.8)

-

-

-

-

2-hour glucose (mmol/l) ^b

12.3 (9.8, 14.9)

12.1 (10.4, 13.5)

6.8 (5.8, 8.0)

6.2 (5.1, 7.3)

-

-

-

-

Fasting insulin (pmol/l) ^c

78.8 (47.9, 99.9)

81.0 (53.8, 129.4)

69.3 (47.7, 99.9)

57.6 (40.5, 81.0)

-

-

-

-

HbA1c (mmol/mol) ^d

50.0 (43.0, 66.0)

45.0 (40.0, 52.0)

38.0 (34.0, 40.0)

38.0 (36.0, 40.0)

48.6 (44.0, 55.2)

47.5 (42.3, 51.7)

37.7 (33.7, 39.4)

36.6 (34.4, 39.0)

HbA1c (%) ^d

6.7 (6.1, 8.2)

6.3 (5.8, 6.9)

5.6 (5.3, 5.8)

5.6 (5.4, 5.8)

6.6 (6.2, 7.2)

6.5 (6.0, 6.9)

5.6 (5.2, 5.8)

5.5 (5.3, 5.7)

Fasting status (yes, %)

23 (51.1)

113 (61.7)

98 (96.1)

1083 (93.2)

0 (0)

8 (5.5)

4 (7.8)

44 (6.5)

Education (years)

10 (8, 11)

10 (8, 11)

10 (10, 12)

10 (10, 12)

10 (9, 10)

10 (10, 11)

10 (10, 12)

10 (10, 12)

Physical activity (active, %) ^e

5 (11.1)

60 (33.0)

36 (35.6)

524 (45.1)

7 (36.8)

80 (54.8)

21 (41.2)

398 (59.2)

Current smoker (%)

10 (22.2)

24 (13.1)

17 (16.7)

157 (13.5)

1 (5.3)

6 (4.1)

4 (7.8)

27 (4.0)

Alcohol consumption (%) ^e

None

16 (35.6)

64 (35.2)

26 (25.7)

306 (26.4)

11 (57.9)

61 (41.8)

19 (37.3)

223 (33.2)

Moderate

20 (44.4)

86 (47.2)

55 (54.5)

611 (52.6)

8 (42.1)

69 (47.3)

19 (37.3)

345 (51.3)

High

9 (20.0)

32 (17.6)

20 (19.8)

244 (21.0)

0 (0)

16 (10.9)

13 (25.4)

104 (15.5)

Medication use (%)

Antihypertensive drugs

20 (44.4)

94 (51.4)

49 (48.0)

361 (31.1)

18 (94.7)

122 (83.6)

38 (74.5)

431 (64.1)

Statins

4 (8.9)

27 (14.8)

9 (8.8)

91 (7.8)

8 (42.1)

52 (35.6)

14 (27.5)

149 (22.2)

Lipid-lowering drugs

6 (13.3)

32 (17.5)

11 (10.8)

107 (9.2)

8 (42.1)

56 (38.4)

15 (29.4)

153 (22.8)