Table 1 Sample size a and characteristics for diabetes status with survival among us women with pregnancy history, NHANES 2007 to 2018
Characteristics | No. of participants by diabetes status (weighted %) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | No diabetes | GDM | Overt diabetes | p-value b | |
Overall | 10,327 | 7955 | 510 | 1862 | |
Weighted | 132,332,187 | 106,690,725 | 7,032,609 | 18,608,853 | |
Age group, y | < 0.001 | ||||
< 30 | 1116(11.4%) | 1028 (13.0%) | 58 (11.4%) | 30 (2.0%) | |
30–39 | 1744 (17.7%) | 1474 (18.9%) | 168 (31.1%) | 102 (6.1%) | |
40–49 | 1987 (19.9%) | 1579 (20.2%) | 169 (32.5%) | 239 (13.5%) | |
50–59 | 1765 (20.3%) | 1318 (19.9%) | 73 (16.0%) | 374 (24.3%) | |
60–69 | 1911 (15.9%) | 1310 (15.0%) | 31 (7.2%) | 570 (24.6%) | |
70–79 | 1133 (9.4%) | 769 (8.4%) | 7 (1.1%) | 357 (18.5%) | |
≥ 80 | 671 (5.3%) | 477 (4.6%) | 4 (0.7%) | 190 (11.1%) | |
Race and ethnicity | < 0.001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 4253 (67.5%) | 3421 (68.6%) | 204 (65.7%) | 628 (61.8%) | |
Hispanic | 2713 (13.1%) | 2003 (12.7%) | 146 (14.6%) | 564 (15.4%) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2276 (12.5%) | 1698 (12.0%) | 83 (9.5%) | 495 (16.3%) | |
Other | 1085 (6.9%) | 833 (6.7%) | 77 (10.2%) | 175 (6.5%) | |
Education | < 0.001 | ||||
<High school | 2460 (15.3%) | 1723 (13.8%) | 107 (17.1%) | 630 (23.3%) | |
High school or some college | 5661 (56.5%) | 4405 (56.2%) | 272 (48.2%) | 984 (61.0%) | |
≥4y of college | 2206 (28.2%) | 1827 (29.9%) | 131 (34.7%) | 248 (15.7%) | |
Family poverty income ratio | < 0.001 | ||||
< 1.30 | 3476 (23.2%) | 2572 (22.4%) | 168 (21.8%) | 736 (27.9%) | |
1.30–3.49 | 3909 (36.5%) | 2967 (35.1%) | 193 (39.9%) | 749 (42.8%) | |
≥ 3.50 | 2942 (40.4%) | 2416 (42.5%) | 149 (38.3%) | 377 (29.3%) | |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||||
Now | 1794 (17.8%) | 1444 (18.4%) | 107 (20.1%) | 243 (13.2%) | |
Past | 1962 (21.4%) | 1430 (20.7%) | 82 (18.6%) | 450 (26.8%) | |
Never | 6571 (60.8%) | 5081 (60.9%) | 321 (61.3%) | 1169 (60.0%) | |
Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | ||||
Heavy drinker | 616 (7.6%) | 525 (8.1%) | 25 (7.1%) | 66 (4.9%) | |
Low to moderate drinker | 5282 (58.5%) | 4284 (60.9%) | 286 (59.1%) | 712 (44.6%) | |
Non-drinker | 4429 (33.9%) | 3146 (31.0%) | 199 (33.8%) | 1084 (50.5%) | |
Physical activity | < 0.001 | ||||
Active | 2827 (31.9%) | 2372 (34.1%) | 156 (33.9%) | 299 (18.7%) | |
Insufficiently active | 1680 (17.9%) | 1299 (18.2%) | 86 (16.3%) | 295 (16.9%) | |
None | 5820 (50.2%) | 4284 (47.7%) | 268 (49.8%) | 1268 (64.4%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | < 0.001 | ||||
< 18.5 | 152 (1.7%) | 136 (1.9%) | 6 (1.3%) | 10 (0.7%) | |
18.5–24.9 | 2723 (29.1%) | 2379 (32.6%) | 115 (24.4%) | 229 (10.7%) | |
25-29.9 | 2993 (29.1%) | 2395 (30.1%) | 152 (29.3%) | 446 (23.7%) | |
30-34.9 | 2199 (19.9%) | 1586 (18.4%) | 120 (24.6%) | 493 (26.5%) | |
≥ 35 | 2260 (20.2%) | 1459 (17.0%) | 117 (20.4%) | 684 (38.4%) | |
No. of pregnancies | < 0.001 | ||||
1 | 1412 (16.4%) | 1183 (17.9%) | 51 (10.2%) | 178 (9.9%) | |
2 | 2516 (27.4%) | 2000 (27.6%) | 122 (28.1%) | 394 (26.0%) | |
3 | 2405 (23.5%) | 1906 (23.8%) | 114 (22.8%) | 385 (22.3%) | |
4 | 1675 (15.1%) | 1249 (14.2%) | 97 (18.0%) | 329 (18.6%) | |
≥ 5 | 2319 (17.6%) | 1617 (16.4%) | 126 (20.8%) | 576 (23.3%) | |
Hypertension | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 4699 (51%) | 4041 (55.2%) | 316 (67.8%) | 342 (20.1%) | |
Yes | 5628 (49.0%) | 3914 (44.8%) | 194 (32.2%) | 1520 (79.9%) | |
Hypercholesterolemia | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 6105 (59.6%) | 5036 (63.1%) | 366 (71.3%) | 703 (35.2%) | |
Yes | 4222 (40.4%) | 2919 (36.9%) | 144 (28.7%) | 1159 (64.8%) | |
Cardiovascular disease | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 9436 (92.7%) | 7452 (94.6%) | 489 (96.3%) | 1495 (80.4%) | |
Yes | 891 (7.3%) | 503 (5.4%) | 21 (3.7%) | 367 (19.6%) | |
Cancer | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 9203 (87.8%) | 7138 (88.5%) | 470 (89.2%) | 1595 (83.3%) | |
Yes | 1124 (12.2%) | 817 (11.5%) | 40 (10.8%) | 267 (16.7%) | |
Family history of diabetesc | 4661 (42.1%) | 3142 (37.2%) | 290 (55.3%) | 1229 (65.5%) | < 0.001 |