Table 2 Imaging findings in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
All patients (n = 192) | DM (n = 51) | No DM (n = 141) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Transthoracic echocardiogram | ||||
Left ventricular ejection fraction - % | 30 [23.5–38] | 31.2 [22.3–36] | 30 [24–39] | 0.462 |
LV global longitudinal strain - % | -10 [-12 - -7.1] | -10.1 [-12 - -7.2] | -9.9 [-12 - -7] | 0.840 |
Left atrial volume index (mL/m2) | 42.8 [33.1–50.7] | 42.7 [35.8–47.5] | 42.9 [32.4–52.3] | 0.782 |
Moderate or severe mitral regurgitation | 59 (34.1) | 17 (36.9) | 42 (33.1) | 0.692 |
Mechanical dyssynchrony | ||||
Left bundle branch block pattern | 24 (24.7) | 7 (28) | 17 (23.6) | 0.661 |
Apical rocking | 42 (32.8) | 11 (33.3) | 31 (32.6) | 0.941 |
Septal flash | 50 (39.1) | 17 (51.5) | 33 (34.7) | 0.089 |
Diastolic function | ||||
E/A ratio | 1.1 [0.7–1.8] | 1 [0.6–2.5] | 1.1 [0.71–1.7] | 0.770 |
E/e’ ratio | 12.7 [9.8–16.4] | 15 [11.7–19] | 11.9 [8.9–15.8] | 0.025 |
Grade I dysfunction | 86 (50) | 19 (41.3) | 67 (53.2) | 0.385 |
Grade II dysfunction | 58 (33.7) | 18 (39.1) | 40 (31.8) | |
Grade III dysfunction | 28 (16.3) | 9 (19.6) | 19 (15.1) | |
TAPSE (mm) | 18 [15–21] | 18.5 [15–22] | 17 [15–20] | 0.083 |
Right ventricular arterial coupling (mm/mmHg) | 0.5 [0.4–0.7] | 0.5 [0.4–0.6] | 0.6 [0.4–0.7] | 0.406 |
Cardiac magnetic resonance | ||||
Left ventricular ejection fraction - % | 27 [22–36] | 28 [23–35] | 26.5 [20–37] | 0.736 |
Right ventricular ejection fraction - % | 50 [39–59] | 52 [36–60] | 49 [39–59] | 0.586 |
Left ventricular mass index (g/m2) | 99 [72.5–137] | 106.5 [86.2–145] | 95.6 [67.6-132.9] | 0.159 |
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 135.5 [111–158] | 136.2 [110.4–153] | 135.5 [111.5–166] | 0.278 |
LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 97 [67.5–124] | 93.8 [71–114] | 98 [64.6–127] | 0.419 |
Late gadolinium enhancement presence | 106 (55.2) | 35 (68.6) | 71 (50.4) | 0.025 |
High risk pattern of late gadolinium enhancement | 41 (21.6) | 16 (31.4) | 25 (18) | 0.047 |