Fig. 7

AA treatment reduced MI injury in diabetic rats. SD rat subjected to STZ (25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and LAD ligation-reperfusion surgery. AA treatment: freshly prepared AA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered orally once per day at a dose of 10 mg/animal for 1 week before operation and 72 h post operation. The rat in the control group were given vehicle (PBS solvent). A Representative images of TTC staining. The non-TTC staining area indicates the infarcted lesion; B quantification of myocardial infarct size with or without AA treatment. C Representative images of the ischemic myocardium analyzed by TUNEL assay and H&E staining. Scale bars in TUNEL and H&E staining are 20 μm. D Apoptosis index (AI) in TUNEL assay. AI is identified by dividing the number of TUNEL—positive cells (green) by the total number of cells (blue DAPI) visualized in the same field. Three independent experiments were averaged and statistically analyzed. E–G determination of proflammatory cytokines in diabetic/non-diabetic rats with or without AA treatment. H determination of PLA2 activity, I−N western blot was used to determine the expression level of mitophagy- and mitochondrial turnover-related proteins. quantification of optical densities of the protein bands with Sigma Scan Pro 5 and normalized with loading control GAPDH. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD. n = 6. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. ns means no statistically significant difference. Statistical analysis was carried out by a one-way ANOVA analysis