Table 1 Clinical characteristics at baseline and outcomes over 10 years (2009–2020)

n

505

219

286

At baseline (2009)

Age, years

64.9 ± 7.6

64.2 ± 8.0

65.5 ± 7.3

0.071

Male, n (%)

222 (44)

103 (47)

119 (42)

0.240

Smoking, n (%)

175 (35)

85 (39)

90 (31)

0.090

BMI, kg/m²

25.5 ± 3.6

25.4 ± 3.7

25.6 ± 3.5

0.536

SBP, mmHg

143.5 ± 22.0

138.1 ± 20.0

147.9 ± 22.5

 < 0.001

HbA_1c, %

7.1 ± 1.6

5.9 ± 0.5

8.0 ± 1.7

 < 0.001

TG, mmol/L

1.9 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.0

2.0 ± 1.4

0.013

LDL-c, mmol/L

3.0 ± 0.9

3.0 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 1.0

0.167

Uric acid, mmol/L

318.9 ± 87.8

323.2 ± 85.9

315.3 ± 89.4

0.319

Creatinine, µmol/L

64.6 (54.1–77.1)

61.5 (53.2–75.9)

66.4 (54.7–80.5)

0.023

HOMA_IR

2.11 (1.18–4.52)

1.24 (1.02–2.20)

3.13 (1.80–7.23)

 < 0.001

DM duration, years

–

–

18.5 ± 8.3

–

Prevalent CVD, n (%)

122 (24.2)

43 (19.6)

79 (27.6)

0.038

Alcohol use, n (%)

79 (15.6)

44 (20.0)

35 (12.2)

0.017

PSM, µg/ml

9.04 (6.69–13.22)

8.03 (6.07–10.14)

10.34 (7.51–24.08)

 < 0.001

Follow-up (2009–2020)

Anti-hypertensives, n (%)

331 (65.5)

123 (56.2)

208 (72.7)

 < 0.001

Lipid-lowering agents, n (%)

268 (53.1)

97 (44.3)

171 (59.8)

0.001

Statins, n (%)

218 (43.2)

81 (37.0)

137 (47.9)

0.014

All-cause death, n (%)

178 (35.2)

49 (22.4)

129 (45.1)

 < 0.001

CVD death, n (%)

87 (17.2)

20 (9.1)

67 (23.4)

 < 0.001

Non-CVD death, n (%)

91 (18.0)

29 (13.2)

62 (21.7)

0.015