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Table 3 Legume metabolite profile and risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in PREDIMED study

From: Plasma metabolite profile of legume consumption and future risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

 

PREDIMED baselinea

PREDIMED 1 yearb

HR (95% CI)

p

HR (95% CI)

p

Type 2 diabetes

Legume consumption

20 g/day

 

22 g/day

 

 No. of cases/total participants

245/923

 

161/704

 

 Score of metabolites predicting legumes

  Model 1

0.84 (0.69, 1,02)

0.075

1.01 (0.77, 1.33)

0.942

  Model 2

0.76 (0.61, 0.94)

0.012

1.00 (0.75, 1.33)

0.997

  Model 3

0.75 (0.61, 0.94)

0.012

0.99 (0.73, 1.33)

0.921

  Model 4

0.77 (0.62, 0.95)

0.017

0.98 (0.73, 1.32)

0.915

Cardiovascular disease

Legume consumption

21 g/day

 

11 g/day

 

 No. of cases/total participants

222/993

 

159/916

 

 Score of metabolites predicting legumes

  Model 1

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

0.942

1.00 (0.89, 1.13)

0.942

  Model 2

1.06 (0.90, 1.23)

0.476

1.01 (0.84, 1.22)

0.915

  Model 3

1.03 (0.88, 1.21)

0.697

1.01 (0.84, 1.24)

0.858

  Model 4

1.01 (0.86, 1.19)

0.817

1.01 (0.84, 1.23)

0.869

  1. CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, MET metabolic equivalent of task, PREDIMED PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea, BMI body mass index, CHD coronary heart disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, T2D type 2 diabetes
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age (years), sex, and propensity scores; stratified by intervention group and recruitment center
  3. Model 2: model 1 + BMI, smoking status (never, former, or current smoker), alcohol intake and squared alcohol intake (grams per day), education level (primary, secondary, academic), physical activity (MET-min/day), family history of CHD (yes/no), hypertension (yes/no), hypercholestrolemia (yes/no), use of antihypercholesterolemia medication (yes/no) and use of antihypertensive medication (yes/no)
  4. Model 3: model 2 + , intake of total meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy, nuts, and olive oil (g/day)
  5. Model 4: model 3 + total legumes (g/day) from which the metabolite set was derived
  6. All dietary variables were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method
  7. aAnalysis of CVD risk was performed among the 993 participants of the PREDIMED CVD case–cohort data set or 923 in the T2D case–cohort data set. Cox proportional hazard models, with Barlow weights, were used to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs for CVD or T2D. Person-time of follow-up was estimated as the interval between the baseline date and date of CVD or T2D event, death, or date of the last participant contact, whichever came first. HRs refer to 1-SD increase in correlated multimetabolite score
  8. bLegume consumption, metabolic signatures, and covariates were assessed at year 1, and outcome was the incident CVD events occurred after the year 1 visit through the end of follow-up. The analytic models were the same as in the baseline analysis. A total of 916 participants were included in the CVD analyses and 704 in the T2D analyses
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840