Table 1 Participant’s general characteristics according to tertiles of energy-adjusted total legume consumption at baseline
Characteristics | T1 (n = 611) | T2 (n = 611) | T3 (n = 611) | Overall (n = 1833) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total legume consumption (g/day) | 11 ± 4 | 19 ± 2 | 32 ± 15 | 20 ± 12 |
Age (years) | 67 ± 6 | 67 ± 6 | 68 ± 6 | 67 ± 6 |
Sex, women, n (%) | 340 (55.6) | 370 (60.6) | 345 (56.5) | 1055 (57.6) |
Education level, n (%) | ||||
 Primary | 431 (70.5) | 473 (77.4) | 457 (74.8) | 1361 (74.2) |
 Secondary | 114 (18.7) | 86 (14.1) | 102 (16.7) | 302 (16.5) |
 Academic | 56 (9.2) | 40 (6.5) | 37 (6.1) | 133 (7.3) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.8 ± 3.6 | 29.7 ± 3.5 | 30.3 ± 3.6 | 29.9 ± 3.6 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100 ± 10 | 100 ± 10 | 101 ± 10 | 100 ± 10 |
Leisure time physical activity level (MET min/day) | 253 ± 249 | 234 ± 217 | 246 ± 242 | 244 ± 237 |
Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 189 (30.9) | 157 (25.7) | 188 (30.8) | 534 (29.1) |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 460 (75.3) | 465 (76.1) | 483 (79.1) | 1408 (76.8) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 530 (86.7) | 536 (87.7) | 533 (87.2) | 1599 (87.2) |
Family history of CVD, n (%) | 146(23.9) | 151 (24.7) | 154 (25.2) | 451 (24.6) |
Current smoker, n (%) | ||||
 Current | 111 (18.2) | 90 (14.7) | 86 (14.1) | 287 (15.7) |
 Former | 154 (25.2) | 147 (24.1) | 153 (25.0) | 454 (24.8) |
 Never | 346 (56.6) | 374 (61.2) | 372 (60.9) | 1092 (59.6) |
Food and nutrient consumption | ||||
 Lentils (g/day) | 4 ± 2 | 6 ± 2 | 9 ± 6 | 6 ± 4 |
 Chickpeas (g/day) | 3 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 | 8 ± 5 | 5 ± 4 |
 Dry beans (g/day) | 3 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 8 ± 6 | 5 ± 4 |
 Fresh peas (g/day) | 1 ± 2 | 3 ± 3 | 6 ± 12 | 3 ± 7 |
 Total meat (g/day) | 139 ± 56 | 135 ± 48 | 128 ± 54 | 134 ± 53 |
 Total fish (g/day) | 98 ± 47 | 103 ± 59 | 102 ± 48 | 101 ± 52 |
 Total vegetables (g/day) | 307 ± 139 | 325 ± 136 | 364 ± 161 | 332 ± 148 |
 Total fruits (g/day) | 353 ± 192 | 351 ± 184 | 378 ± 199 | 361 ± 192 |
 Total cereals (g/day) | 233 ± 88 | 238 ± 75 | 222 ± 84 | 231 ± 83 |
 Total dairy (g/day) | 368 ± 221 | 370 ± 202 | 389 ± 221 | 375 ± 215 |
 Total olive oil (g/day) | 40 ± 16 | 40 ± 15 | 38 ± 17 | 39 ± 16 |
 Total nuts (g/day) | 11 ± 14 | 11 ± 12 | 11 ± 13 | 11 ± 13 |
 Total alcohol (g/day) | 11 ± 17 | 9 ± 13 | 8 ± 13 | 10 ± 14 |
 Total energy (kcal/day) | 2373 ± 587 | 2189 ± 483 | 2287 ± 544 | 2283 ± 545 |