Table 2 LV structure and function in diabetic pigs with the progression of diabetes duration

LV Geometric and functional

EDV (ml)

34.25 ± 11.50

35.89 ± 8.16

43.62 ± 6.57*

33.07 ± 7.05‡

28.14 ± 11.72‡

0.024

ESV (ml)

15.39 ± 6.86

14.66 ± 5.52

16.57 ± 8.74

10.34 ± 4.45

7.56 ± 3.03*§‡

0.006

SV (ml)

18.86 ± 5.87

21.22 ± 6.69

27.06 ± 5.68*§

22.73 ± 5.44

20.57 ± 9.72

0.099

EF (%)

55.01 ± 7.36

54.63 ± 11.33

57.57 ± 11.52

61.21 ± 9.99

63.08 ± 11.61

0.420

Heart rate

93 ± 14

86 ± 15

105 ± 23

98 ± 21

87 ± 16

0.248

Mass (g)

38.16 ± 6.41

41.80 ± 10.14

50.00 ± 14.09

49.18 ± 7.43*

53.59 ± 8.65*§

0.009

Remodeling index (g/ml)

1.43 ± 0.36

1.16 ± 0.29

1.14 ± 0.39

1.45 ± 0.39

2.22 ± 1.11*§‡#

0.002

LV Strain

GPS-L (%)

−10.15 ± 1.68

−9.53 ± 2.38

−9.36 ± 2.97

−8.31 ± 2.09

−6.51 ± 2.22*§‡

0.039