Pathway | Coagulation Factors | DM | Severe COVID-19 | DM + Severe COVID-19 | References |
|---|
A Secondary hemostasis |
Extrinsic | Tissue factor | ↑ | ↑ | n.r | [171, 172] |
FVII | ↑ ↔ | ↑↓ | n.r | [154, 156, 173, 174 ] |
Intrinsic | HMWK | ↑ | ↓ | n.r | [93, 157] |
PK | ↑ | ↓ | n.r | [93, 175] |
FXII | ↑↓ | ↓ ↔ | n.r | [156, 173, 176, 177] |
FXI | ↑ ↔ | ↓ ↔ | n.r | [156, 173, 177, 178] |
FIX | ↑ ↔ | ↔ | n.r | [154, 156, 173] |
FVIII | ↑ | ↑ ↔ | n.r | [3, 81, 154, 174, 179] |
VWF | ↑ | ↑ ↔ | n.r | [97, 98, 160, 173] |
Common | FX | ↑ | ↑ ↔ | n.r | [154, 173, 174] |
FV | ↑ | ↑↓ | n.r | [154, 173, 174] |
Calcium | ↑ | ↑ | n.r | [180, 181] |
Prothrombin | ↑ | ↑ | n.r | [182, 183] |
Fibrinogen | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ | [141, 184, 185] |
FXIII | ↑ | ↓ ↔ | n.r | [173, 186, 187] |
Fibrinolytic Parameters | DM | Severe COVID-19 | DM + Severe COVID-19 | References |
|---|
B Tertiary hemostasis |
tPA | ↑ | ↑ | n.r | [111, 112, 188, 189] |
Plasminogen | ↔ | ↑↓ ↔ | n.r | [111, 173, 190, 191] |
Plasmin | ↓ | ↑↓ | n.r | [111, 164, 192,193,194] |
D-Dimer | ↑ | ↑ | ↑↑ | [4, 169, 195, 196] |
TAFI | ↑ | ↑ | n.r | [110, 168] |
PAI-1 | ↑ | ↑ | n.r | [109, 110, 197, 198] |
- Variations of coagulation factors [Tissue factor (factor III, thromboplastin), FVII, HMWK (High molecular weight kininogen, Fitzgerald factor), PK (plasma kallikrein), FXII, FXI, FIX, FVIII, VWF (von Willebrand factor), FX, FV, Calcium (factor IV), prothrombin (factor II), fibrinogen (factor I), FXIII, tPA (tissue plasminogen activator), TAFI (thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor), and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor)] of secondary (A) and tertiary (B) hemostasis are described in DM, severe COVID-19, and DM-severe COVID-19 conditions. Arrows indicate over- or down-regulation of factors. n.r., non-reported data
