Table 2 Insulin resistance indexes in patients and controls in the whole population and among the glycaemic states

Females

Males

Cases

126 (47)

Controls

142 (53)

P value

Cases 570 (50)

Controls

565 (50)

P value

P value

cases F vs M

P value controls

F vs M

HOMA-IR

2.59

(1.87–3.51)

2.06

(1.43–3.04)

0.001

3.03

(2.09–4.53)

2.54

(1.60–3.87)

< 0.001

0.002

0.001

VAI

0.91

(0.69–1.47)

0.82

(0.53–1.26)

0.01

1.41

(0.98–1.98)

1.25

(0.79–1.95)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

TG/HDL-C

1.66

(1.20–2.63)

1.39

(0.93–2.12)

0.009

2.28

(1.59–3.23)

2.00

(1.28–3.11)

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

TyG

8.44

(8.19–8.72)

8.38

(8.09–8.76)

0.15

8.54

(8.28–8.86)

8.53

(8.23–8.92)

0.63

0.02

< 0.001

NGT

Females

Males

Cases

70 (38)

Controls

113 (62)

P value

Cases

308 (43)

Controls

407 (57)

P value

P value

cases

F vs M

P value controls

F vs M

HOMA-IR

2.37

(1.68–3.12)

1.94

(1.33–2.53)

0.004

2.54

(1.82–3.87)

2.04

(1.41–3.12)

< 0.001

0.11

0.02

VAI

0.86

(0.62–1.26)

0.73

(0.51–1.21)

0.04

1.36

(0.94–1.89)

1.15

(0.73–1.86)

0.002

< 0.001

< 0.001

TG/HDL-C

1.62

(1.11–2.28)

1.25

(0.90–2.11)

0.03

2.17

(1.56–3.04)

1.90

(1.21–2.95)

0.002

< 0.001

< 0.001

TyG

8.38

(8.08–8.61)

8.33

(8.06–8.67)

0.59

8.51

(8.21–8.77)

8.45

(8.15–8.80)

0.47

0.05

0.02

IFG

Females

Males

Cases

10 (63)

Controls

6 (37)

P value

Cases

83 (63)

Controls

48 (37)

P value

P value

cases

F vs M

P value controls

F vs M

HOMA-IR

3.73

(2.36–4.69)

3.35

(1.88–5.09)

0.71

3.63

(2.67–4.85)

3.75

(2.63–5.89)

0.48

0.82

0.48

VAI

0.82

(0.50–1.27)

0.92

(0.36–1.53)

0.79

1.29

(0.92–1.89)

1.41

(0.98–1.87)

0.62

0.02

0.08

TG/HDL-C

1.37

(0.88–2.13)

1.53

(0.69–2.67)

0.88

2.09

(1.54–3.09)

2.28

(1.63–2.97)

0.60

0.04

0.10

TyG

8.33

(8.22–8.75)

8.60

(7.96–8.94)

0.79

8.54

(8.30–8.87)

8.76

(8.51–9.05)

0.02

0.29

0.22

IGT

Females

Males

Cases

33 (67)

Controls

16 (33)

P value

Cases

120 (61)

Controls

77 (39)

P value

P value

cases

F vs M

P value controls

F vs M

HOMA-IR

3.00

(2.14–3.65)

3.33

(2.38–4.44)

0.22

3.41

(2.33–5.03)

3.82

(2.43–5.38)

0.26

0.06

0.43

VAI

1.03

(0.75–1.53)

1.01

(0.63–1.17)

0.35

1.55

(1.11–2.54)

1.45

(0.95–2.58)

0.67

< 0.001

0.005

TG/HDL-C

1.82

(1.35–2.75)

1.69

(1.04–2.04)

0.23

2.51

(1.81–3.99)

2.28

(1.54–4.27)

0.63

0.01

0.01

TyG

8.51

(8.29–8.79)

8.46

(8.24–8.85)

0.57

8.63

(8.38–8.96)

8.69

(8.44–9.21)

0.17

0.14

0.03

Newly diagnosed T2DM

Females

Males

Cases

13 (65)

Controls

7 (35)

P value

Cases

59 (64)

Controls

33 (36)

P value

P value

cases

F vs M

P value controls

F vs M

HOMA-IR

2.70

(2.12–4.25)

4.51

(2.49–5.55)

0.14

5.12

(2.83–7.57)

5.79

(3.43–7.53)

0.50

0.02

0.53

VAI

0.99

(0.73–1.92)

1.26

(0.96–1.98)

0.37

1.49

(1.01–2.01)

1.28

(0.86–2.31)

0.91

0.17

0.89

TG/HDL-C

1.75

(1.28–3.22)

2.22

(1.77–3.27)

0.39

2.47

(1.57–3.26)

2.11

(1.37–3.63)

0.86

0.32

0.94

TyG

8.76

(8.49–9.11)

8.84

(8.72–8.95)

0.54

8.68

(8.39-9.00)

8.92

(8.53–9.43)

0.08

0.87

0.55