Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the quartiles of the TyG index
Characteristic | Q1, N = 1086a | Q2, N = 904a | Q3, N = 737a | Q4, N = 637 1 | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 22.00 (17.00–33.00) | 26.00 (17.00–36.00) | 30.00 (20.00–38.00) | 32.00 (23.00–40.93) |  < 0.001 |
Sex |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Female | 557 (53.98) | 480 (58.49) | 322 (44.60) | 228 (35.73) |  |
 Male | 529 (46.02) | 424 (41.51) | 415 (55.40) | 409 (64.27) |  |
Race |  |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 260 (7.21) | 284 (9.62) | 261 (10.85) | 231 (12.70) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black participants | 442 (20.58) | 241 (13.01) | 127 (8.46) | 76 (6.03) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White participants | 302 (62.76) | 301 (66.29) | 291 (70.49) | 274 (70.49) |  |
 Other Race | 82 (NA) | 78 (NA) | 58 (NA) | 56 (NA) |  |
 BMI, kg/ma | 22.78 (20.25–25.35) | 23.58 (20.82–27.21) | 25.05 (22.14–29.56) | 27.93 (24.71–31.09) |  < 0.001 |
 Waist circumference, cm | 79.90 (72.80–88.30) | 81.13 (74.40–91.61) | 88.38 (79.80–99.70) | 96.60 (87.88–105.24) |  < 0.001 |
 SBP, mmHg | 109.33 (103.33–117.33) | 110.00 (103.33–118.00) | 114.00 (107.33–121.33) | 116.00 (108.67–123.33) |  < 0.001 |
 DBP, mmHg | 66.00 (59.33–72.00) | 68.00 (61.33–73.33) | 70.00 (63.33–76.00) | 72.00 (65.33–78.00) |  < 0.001 |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.041 |
 level 0 | 83 (7.69) | 76 (7.02) | 69 (10.70) | 74 (11.92) |  |
 level 1 | 165 (14.29) | 148 (18.75) | 112 (16.44) | 104 (15.10) |  |
 level 2 | 197 (17.39) | 181 (16.70) | 151 (20.28) | 140 (20.94) |  |
 level 3 | 348 (36.88) | 284 (37.07) | 247 (35.87) | 228 (39.07) |  |
 level 4 | 41 (1.54) | 35 (2.34) | 30 (1.43) | 12 (1.14) |  |
 level 5 | 78 (7.13) | 63 (5.14) | 48 (5.22) | 19 (2.04) |  |
 level 6 | 174 (15.08) | 117 (12.99) | 80 (10.06) | 60 (9.80) |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.007 |
 Never smoker | 797 (67.57) | 640 (66.52) | 462 (57.56) | 372 (56.04) |  |
 Former smoker | 116 (11.92) | 107 (13.27) | 111 (16.87) | 108 (17.93) |  |
 Current smoker | 173 (20.51) | 157 (20.22) | 164 (25.57) | 157 (26.03) |  |
 Metabolic syndrome | 4 (0.32) | 12 (1.74) | 20 (4.35) | 190 (29.89) |  < 0.001 |
 CRP, mg/dL | 0.05 (0.03–0.16) | 0.07 (0.03–0.24) | 0.12 (0.05–0.32) | 0.19 (0.08–0.42) |  < 0.001 |
 Hb, g/dL | 14.30 (13.30–15.20) | 14.20 (13.40–15.20) | 14.90 (13.80–15.80) | 15.20 (14.10–16.00) |  < 0.001 |
 Platelet count, 109 /L | 253.00 (216.00–295.00) | 258.00 (223.00–300.00) | 269.24 (227.94–304.00) | 268.97 (233.00–315.00) | 0.007 |
 LDL, mmol/L | 2.30 (1.89–2.87) | 2.61 (2.15–3.13) | 2.95 (2.43–3.44) | 3.15 (2.53–3.75) |  < 0.001 |
 HDL, mmol/L | 1.42 (1.22–1.72) | 1.34 (1.16–1.63) | 1.22 (1.06–1.45) | 1.09 (0.93–1.28) |  < 0.001 |
 HbA1c, % | 5.10 (4.90–5.30) | 5.10 (5.00–5.30) | 5.20 (5.00–5.35) | 5.20 (5.00–5.40) |  < 0.001 |
 FPG, mmol/L | 4.92 (4.67–5.21) | 5.03 (4.79–5.32) | 5.15 (4.92–5.48) | 5.30 (4.97–5.61) |  < 0.001 |
 TG, mmol/L | 0.60 (0.51–0.67) | 0.88 (0.79–0.95) | 1.21 (1.10–1.35) | 1.94 (1.68–2.34) |  < 0.001 |
 Vo2max, ml/kg/min | 40.81 (34.56–47.28) | 39.93 (34.17–46.84) | 38.93 (34.25–45.23) | 39.52 (34.38–44.73) | 0.028 |
 Impaired CVF | 718 (52.99) | 595 (55.05) | 493 (58.93) | 403 (55.82) | 0.321 |
 TyG index | 7.76 (7.61–7.88) | 8.16 (8.07–8.25) | 8.51 (8.43–8.61) | 9.00 (8.84–9.20) |  < 0.001 |
 Standardization of TyG index | -0.15 (-0.20–0.12) | -0.03 (-0.06–0.00) | 0.08 (0.05–0.11) | 0.23 (0.18–0.30) |  < 0.001 |