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Fig. 1 | Cardiovascular Diabetology

Fig. 1

From: The role of mitochondrial DNA copy number in cardiometabolic disease: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

Overview of study design of the bidirectional Mendelian randomization framework used to investigate the causal effect of mitochondrial DNA copy number on cardiometabolic disease. We performed a total of 16 MR analyses to investigate the bidirectional association between mitochondrial DNA copy number on cardiometabolic disease including obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, stroke, ischaemic stroke, and heart failure. All genetic instruments were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840