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Table 3 Hazard ratios (95% CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases according to multi-metabolite associated with 1 SD of olive oil consumption in the PREDIMED study

From: Olive oil consumption, plasma metabolites, and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Type 2 diabetes

 

Baseline visit1

1-year visit2

HR (95% CI)

P

HR (95% CI)

P

Cases/total participants

245/923

 

161/704

 

Total olive oil

 Model 1

1.01 (0.85, 1.19)

0.949

1.00 (0.79, 1.27)

0.998

 Model 2

1.10 (0.91, 1.32)

0.340

1.04 (0.80, 1.36)

0.765

 Model 3

1.11 (0.91, 1.35)

0.296

1.12 (0.84, 1.50)

0.448

Extra virgin olive oil

 Model 1

0.99 (0.82, 1.18)

0.882

0.87 (0.69, 1.09)

0.228

 Model 2

1.08 (0.88, 1.33)

0.456

0.90 (0.70, 1.16)

0.415

 Model 3

1.08 (0.87, 1.35)

0.479

0.98 (0.74, 1.28)

0.863

Common olive oil

 Model 1

1.01 (0.85, 1.21)

0.882

1.16 (0.89, 1.51)

0.228

 Model 2

0.97 (0.79, 1.18)

0.735

1.15 (0.86, 1.54)

0.354

 Model 3

0.96 (0.78, 1.19)

0.731

1.06 (0.78, 1.45)

0.700

Cardiovascular disease

 Cases/total participants

222/993

 

159/916

 

Total olive oil

 Model 1

0.77 (0.67, 0.89)

 < 0.001

0.90 (0.76, 1.06)

0.194

 Model 2

0.77 (0.66, 0.89)

 < 0.001

0.89 (0.74, 1.06)

0.178

 Model 3

0.79 (0.67, 0.92)

0.003

0.85 (0.69, 1.05)

0.135

Extra virgin olive oil

 Model 1

0.69 (0.59, 0.80)

 < 0.001

0.83 (0.70, 0.99)

0.033

 Model 2

0.69 (0.58, 0.80)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.67, 0.97)

0.022

 Model 3

0.70 (0.59, 0.83)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.65, 1.00)

0.049

Common olive oil

 Model 1

1.41 (1.20, 1.65)

 < 0.001

1.18 (0.97, 1.45)

0.099

 Model 2

1.39 (1.18, 1.65)

 < 0.001

1.17 (0.95, 1.45)

0.136

 Model 3

1.37 (1.15, 1.63)

 < 0.001

1.17 (0.93, 1.48)

0.184

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age (years), sex, and propensity scores; stratified by intervention group and recruitment center. Model 2: model 1 + BMI, smoking status (never, former, or current smoker), alcohol intake and squared alcohol intake (g/day), education level (primary, secondary, academic) physical activity (metabolic-equivalent minutes per day), family history of CHD (yes/no), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia and hypertension treatment. Model 3: model 2 + consumption of vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, eggs, legumes, fish, meat, and dairy (g/day). Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; T2D, type 2 diabetes; BMI, body mass index
  2. 1Analysis of T2D risk was conducted in the 923 participants from the PREDIMED-T2D case-cohort database and the analysis of CVD risk was conducted in the 993 participants from the PREDIMED-CVD case-cohort database. Cox proportional hazard models with Barlow weights were used to estimate HRs and their 95% CIs for T2D. Person-time of follow-up was calculated as the interval between the baseline data and the date of T2D or CVD event, death, or date of the last participant contact, whichever came first. HRs refers to a 1-SD increase in correlated multi-metabolite scores
  3. 2Total olive oil, extra virgin olive oil, and common olive oil metabolic signatures, and covariates were assessed in the first year. The outcome was the incident T2D or CVD events occurred after the first-year visit through to the end of follow-up. The models were the same as in the baseline models. 704 participants for T2D and 916 participants for CVD were included in the analyses
  4. Olive oil consumption variables were adjusted for total energy intake by the residual method
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840