Fig. 1

Model structure Key: This figure depicts the modelled CKD in detail. The left panel depicts the CKD health states in which patients start the model. Patients can experience CKD progression and/or experience a CV event. When patients experience a CV event, they move to the acute CV event panel for one cycle and to the post-acute CV panel for the rest of the model duration. OHEs can occur in any depicted health state. A patient can move to the death health state from every health state. ^aCV events include a non-fatal stroke, non-fatal MI, and hospitalization for HF. ^bOHEs include a subsequent CV event, hyperkalemia leading to hospitalization, hyperkalemia not leading to hospitalization, and a new onset of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter. CV cardiovascular, CKD chronic kidney disease, HF heart failure, MI myocardial infarction, OHE other health event, RRT renal replacement therapy