Fig. 5

DAPA inhibits EndMT in ISO-induced mice by activating SIRT1. A Transthoracic echocardiogram in M-mode (n = 6). B H&E staining of the lengthwise section of the heart. Scale bar = 50 μm. C Representative images of Masson staining showing perivascular fibrosis in heart sections. Scale bar = 50 μm. D Representative images of PSR staining showing perivascular fibrosis in heart sections. Red represents collagen fiber deposition. Scale bars = 50 μm. E Representative IHC analysis for CD31 and α-SMA in the vascular wall in ventricular transverse sections from different groups of mice. Scale bars = 50 μm. F Western blotting analysis of EndMT-related proteins and SIRT1 in the mouse myocardium (n = 3) *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. Vehicle group; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 and ^####p < 0.0001 vs. the ISO group