Fig. 4

SIRT1 is involved in DAPA-mediated protection of endothelial cells in EndMT. A Western blotting analysis of EndMT markers and SIRT1 in HUVECs and MAECs treated as indicated (The statistical results are presented in Additional file 1: Figure S3A). B Representative images of the EdU proliferation assay of HUVECs and MAECs treated as indicated. Red fluorescence indicates proliferating cells (the statistical results are presented in Additional file 1: Figure S3B). Scale bars = 100 μm. C Representative images of the Transwell assay of HUVECs and MAECs treated as indicated. The Figure indicates the number of migrated cells. Scale bars = 100 μm. D Immunofluorescence analysis of CD31 (green) and α-SMA (red) double-stained HUVECs and MAECs, and the nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 100 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 and ****p < 0.0001 vs. control group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 and ####p < 0.0001 vs. the TGF-β1 group