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Table 2 Odds ratios of uncontrolled hypertension by TyG index in the NHANES 1999–2018

From: Association between insulin resistance and uncontrolled hypertension and arterial stiffness among US adults: a population-based study

Model

Hypertension Uncontrolled, No/Total No

Odds ratios (95% CI)

Quartiles of TyG index

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P for trend

Overall

3890/8513

     

Unadjusted

 

1 [Reference]

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

1.14 (0.97, 1.34)

1.20 (1.02, 1.41)*

0.013

Model 1

 

1 [Reference]

1.07 (0.90, 1.26)

1.13 (0.98, 1.35)

1.20 (1.05, 1.45)*

0.020

Model 2

 

1 [Reference]

1.14 (0.94, 1.35)

1.28 (1.06, 1.52)*

1.49 (1.21, 1.89)*

 < 0.001

With medication

704/1973

     

Unadjusted

 

1 [Reference]

1.34 (0.93, 1.92)

1.44 (1.02, 2.03)

1.65 (1.17, 2.32)

0.008

Model 1

 

1 [Reference]

1.46 (1.01, 2.14)*

1.55 (1.08, 2.20)*

1.92 (1.33, 2.72)*

0.003

Model 2

 

1 [Reference]

1.55 (1.05, 2.24)*

1.65 (1.12, 2.38)*

2.03 (1.37, 3.11)*

0.002

Without medication

3186/6540

     

Unadjusted

 

1 [Reference]

1.06 (0.88, 1.28)

1.14 (0.95, 1.38)

1.18 (0.98, 1.42)

0.031

Model 1

 

1 [Reference]

1.03 (0.88, 1.25)

1.13 (0.93, 1.34)

1.16 (0.96, 1.42)

0.066

Model 2

 

1 [Reference]

1.04 (0.86, 1.26)

1.19 (0.96, 1.46)

1.38 (1.10, 1.72)*

0.002

  1. Model 1: Adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male or female), race (Mexican American, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, Other Hispanic, or Other Race), education (less than high school, high school, or more than high school), PIR (continuous)
  2. Model 2: Further adjusted for body mass index (continuous), MET (continuous), smoking status (never, former, or current), alcohol consumption (never, former, mild, moderate, or heavy), diabetes (no or yes), hyperlipidemia (no or yes), cardiovascular disease (no or yes), chronic kidney disease (no or yes), anti-hypertensive agents (no or yes), anti-diabetic agents (no or yes), anti-hyperlipidemia agents (no or yes)
  3. TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  4. *P-value < 0.05